자아선정 인지연습에 따른 맥락간섭 효과가 발달적 협응성 장애아의 운동기술 학습에 미치는 영향
Effects of Contextual Interference based on Self-choice Cognitive Practice on Motor Skill in Children with Developmental Doordination Disorders
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구의 목적은 국내의 발달적 협응성 아동(DCD)의 실태를 파악하여 이들 아동이 매 수행에 앞서 충분한 자아선정 인지 연습을 갖고 복잡한 양수과제를 수행할 때 맥락간섭 효과를 밝히는데 있다. 경기지역 초등학교 2∼4학년 2100명을 대상으로 교사 인터뷰와 임상운동발달 종합테스트를 통해 88명(4.2%)의 DCD 아동을 선별하였고 이중 최종 성별과 연령을 고려 60명이 실험에 참가하였다. DCD 아동은 운동발달검사를 기준하여 무선으로 인지연습 집단과 무인지 연습집단으로 구분하여 3가지(분단, 무선, 분단-무선) 맥락조건에 배정되었다. 연구 결과 첫째, 습득단계에서 동작시간과 반응 시간 모두에서 자아선정 인지연습 집단과 무 연습 집단 간 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 수행 오류에 대한 이원변량분석 결과 집단간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 자아선정 인지연습을 한 DCD의 수행오류가 유의하게 적게 나타나고 있다. 각 조건에 대한 집단의 상호작용이 나타나 인지-분단 연습에서 가장 적은 수행오류가 나타났다. 셋째, 습득 연습 후 10분과 24시간 뒤의 파지 검사와 전이검사의 동작시간, 반응시간, 수행오류에 대한 이원변량 검사 결과 집단과 집단 조건에 대한 차이가 나타났다. 자아선정 인지 연습을 한 집단이 모든 검사 결과에서 우위를 보이고 있다. 파지 검사에서는 인지 연습을 한 분단-무선집단의 수행이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 무인지-무선 연습을 한 집단의 수행이 가장 느리게 나타났다. 넷째, 전이 검사에서는 무선연습과 분단-무선 연습의 차이가 나타나지는 않았지만 분단 연습보다는 모든 수행이 빠르게 나타났다. 수행오류도 유사한 결과를 보이고 있다. 이 연구의 파지 검사와 전이 검사 결과를 종합한다면 분단-무선 집단의 양수협응에 대한 동작 처리와 효율성에서 우위를 보이고 있다. 이는 자아선정 인지 연습을 추가한다면 DCD 아동에게서 맥락간섭의 일반적 효과를 유도할 수 있다는 시사점을 주고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of contextual interference based on self-choice cognitive practice on motor skills in children with developmental coordination disorders(DCD). A total of 2100 elementary students in Kyeonggido area were screened for DCD. One hundred sixty three(7.76%) children with DCD were selected on the basis of both teacher's interview and a clinical motor development test. A total of 60 children with DCD were randomly assigned to one of the blocked, random, or blocked-random practice condition based on self-choice cognitive practice. Following 180 practice trials with bimanual coordination task of three different generalized motor programs, participants performed retention tests in both 10 minutes and 24 hours later. A transfer test was performed 24 hours after the retention test. Results were as follows : First, for both self-cognitive practice(SC) and non self-cognitive practice(NSC) groups, RT and MT were faster in blocked practice condition than those of blocked-random and blocked practice conditions during the acquisition trials. Second, for SC group, RT and MT were faster in blocked-random condition than those of random and blocked conditions during immediately and 24 hours after the retention tests. The random practice group showed the fastest MT and RT in the transfer test. Random practice had more performance errors than other two conditions during the acquisition trials. But random and blocked-random practice had less performance errors than the blocked practice condition during immediately after retention, and transfer tests. Overall, results suggest that the contextual interference hypothesis by Magill and Hall(1990) seems partially supported in children with DCD.
참고문헌 (37)
- 권용현, "시열반응과제를 통한 정신 훈련과 실제 훈련의 효과", 대한작업치료학회지, 15(1), pp.57~66 (2007), 대한작업치료학회
- 전준석, "운동학습에서 암시시행이 맥락간섭효과에 미치는 영향", 한국체육학회지, 42(6), pp.299~308 (2003), 한국체육학회
- 최승오, "발달성 협응력 장애인의 운동감각에 대한 심리물리학적 분석", 한국특수체육학회지, 11(1), pp.157~168 (2003), 한국특수체육학회
- 허진영, "연습의 다양성과 맥락간섭이 정신지체아의 운동기술 학습에 미치는 영향", 한국특수체육학회지, 13(2), pp.97~108 (2005), 한국특수체육학회
- 허진영, "발달적 협응성 장애를 가진 아동의 자동자세 반응의 변화", 한국스포츠심리학회지, 11(1), pp.3~18 (2000)
- Alloway, T. P., "Working memory in children with developmental disorders", Journal of Learning Disability, 42(4), pp.372~382 (2009)
- Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-4th revised, "American Psychiatric Association Work Group to Revise DSM-Ⅳ-R R", American Psychiatric Association, ~ (2000)
- Barnhart, R. C., "Development coordination disorder", Physical Therapy, 83(8), pp.722~731 (2003)
- Battig, W. F., "The flexibility of human memory", pp.23~44 (1979), Erlbaum
- Bonifacci, P., "Children with low motor ability have lower visual-motor integration ability but unaffected perceptual skills", Human Movement Science, 23, pp.157~168 (2004)
- Brady, F., "The contextual interference effect and sport skills", Percept Motor Skills, 106(2), pp.461~472 (2008)
- Brady, F., "A theoretical and empirical review of the contextual interference effect and the learning of motor skills", Quest, 50(3), pp.266~293 (1998)
- Chambers, M. E., "Related behavioral characteristics as an aid to identification and intervention in children with DCD", Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the NASPSPA (2006)
- Clark, J. E., "Visuomotor adaptation and children with DCD", Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the NASPSPA (2006)
- Del Rey, P., "Training and contextual interference effects on memory and transfer", Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60, pp.342~347 (1989)
- Giuffrida, C. G., "Differential transfer benefits of increased practice for constant, blocked, and serial practice schedules", Journal of Motor Behavior, 34(4), pp.353~365 (2002)
- Huh, J., "Development of bilateral motor control in children with development coordination disorders", Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 40(7), pp.474~484 (1998)
- Immink, M. A., "Motor programming during practice conditions high and contextual interference", Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perceptual Performance, 27(2), pp.423~437 (2001)
- Jarus, T., "Effects of cognitive processes and task complexity on acquisition, retention, and transfer of motor skills", Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 68(5), pp.280~289 (2001)
- Kaplan, B. J., "DCD may not be a discret disorder", Human Movement Science, 17, pp.471~490 (1998)
- Magill, R. A., "Motor learning and control: concept and application(7th ed.)" (2003), McGraw-Hill
- Magill, R. A., "A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition", Human Movement Science, 9, pp.241~289 (1990)
- Ollis, S., "The influence of professional expertise and task complexity upon the potency of the contextual interference effect", Acta Psychology (Amst), 118(3), pp.229~244 (2005)
- Perez, C. R., "Does the contextual interference effect last over extended transfer trials?", Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100(1), pp.58~60 (2005)
- Piek J. P., "Sensory-motor deficits in children with developmental coordination disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic disorder", Human Movement Science, 23, pp.475~488 (2004)
- Porretta, D. L., "Contextual interference effects on the transfer and retention of a gross motor skill by mildly mentally handicapped children", Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 5, pp.332~339 (1988)
- Porter, J. M., "The effects of practicing a golf putting task moving along the contextual interference continuum", Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, pp.S151~ (2004)
- Poretta D. L., "The use of contextual interference trials by mildly mental handicapped children", Research Quarterly Exercise Sport, 62(2), pp.240~244 (1991)
- Prahl, B. K., "A field test of contextual interference effects on skill acquisition in pickle-ball with seventh-grade boy and girls", Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66(1), pp.A-55~ (1995)
- Schmidt, R. A., "Motor learning and performance a problem-based learning approach" (2004), Human Kinetics
- Sekiya, H., "The contextual interference effect in learning force and timing parameters of the same generalized motor program", Journal of Human Movement Studies, 39, pp.45~72 (2000)
- Shea, C. H., "Contextual interference: Contributions of practice", Acta Psychological, 73, pp.145~157 (1990)
- Sugden, D., "Motor coordination disorders in children", Developmental Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp.279~284 (1998)
- Tal, Savion-Lemieux, "The effect of practice pattern on the acquisition, consolidation, and transfer of visual-motor sequences", Experimental Brain Research, 204, pp.271~281 (2010)
- Williams, H. G., "The Williams Gross Motor Control Test" (1988), University of South Carolina
- Winnik, J. P., "Adapted physical education and sport" (2000), Human Kinetics
- Wulf, G., "Contextual interference in movement of the same class: Differential effects on program and parameter learning", Journal of Motor Behavior, 25, pp.254~263 (1993)