뇌졸중 장애인의 건강상태 영향요인의 이해: ICF 모델 기반 접근
Understanding factors influencing health status in individuals with stroke: An ICF model-based approach
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초록
뇌졸중은 뇌혈관질환으로 인해 신경학적 결손이 발생하는 임상증후군으로 운동장애, 인지기능 저하 등의 다양한 후유증을 겪게 된다. 뇌졸중 장애인의 건강은 많은 요인에 의해 영향을 받고 결정이 되는 복잡한 구조로 되어 있으므로 다양한 건강 요인과 요인 간의 상호작용을 알아보기 위해서는 ICF 모델과 같은 이론적 체계에 기반한 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 뇌졸중으로 인한 보행장애 또는 인지장애를 가지고 있는 뇌졸중 장애인 111명을 목적표집 방법을 이용하여 모집하였다. 운동기능, 인지기능, 사회적 차별 인식, 목표의지, 실행의지, 낙상위험, 신체활동 수준, 일상생활기능, 주관적 건강, 만성질환을 각각 평가하였으며, 정규성 검증 과정을 거쳐 최종 105명의 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 신체활동 수준이 주관적 건강평가, 인지기능 그리고 일상생활 독립성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 또한, Process Macro 기반 부트스트래핑(bootstrapping; 5,000 samples)을 활용하여 신체활동 수준의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 외래치료 집단에 속한 뇌졸중 장애인의 운동기능은 신체활동 수준을 매개로 주관적 건강평가에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며(β=0.19, 95% CI=0.04∼0.42), 연령(β=-0.21, 95% CI=-0.53∼-0.01)과 사회적 차별인식(β=-0.39, 95% CI=-0.88∼-0.04)의 조절된 매개효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 입원 치료집단은 실행의지가 신체활동 수준을 매개로 일상생활 독립성에 영향을 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며(β=0.68, 95% CI=0.08∼1.41), 만성질환의 조절된 매개효과가 나타났다(β=-0.79, 95% CI=-1.66∼-0.05). 결론적으로, 본 연구는 뇌졸중 장애인의 건강유지와 개선을 위해서 신체활동 참여의 필요성과 함께 실행의지의 중요성을 시사한다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
Stroke is a clinically defined syndrome in which neurological deficits attributed to cerebrovascular disease, and suffer from various consequences, such as motor dysfunction and cognitive decline. Since the health of individuals with stroke is complicated, an approach based on a theoretical framework, such as the ICF model, is necessary to understand various health related factors and their relationships. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 111 individuals with stroke who had gait disorder or cognitive impairment were recruited using the purposive sampling method. Motor functions, cognitive functions, perception of discrimination, goal intention, implementation intention, fall risks, physical activity levels, daily living functions, subjective health status, and the number of chronic diseases were assessed. Except for outliers(n=6), data from 105 participants were included for the primary analyses. As a result, physical activity levels had a positive effect on self-rated health, cognitive function, and independence of ADL (p<.05). The mediating effect of physical activity level was analyzed through bootstrapping based on the PROCESS Macro, it was found that the motor function of the individuals with stroke in the outpatient group had a mediating effects of physical activity levels between motor functions and self-rated health (β=0.19, 95% CI=0.04∼0.42), and the moderated mediating effect of age (β=-0.21, 95% CI=-0.53∼-0.01) and perception of discrimination (β=-0.39, 95% CI=-0.88∼-0.04) appeared significantly. In the inpatient group, physical activity levels mediated the relationship between implementation intention and independence of ADL (β=0.68, 95% CI=0.08∼1.41), and a moderated mediating effect of chronic disease was found (β=-0.79, 95% CI=-1.66∼-0.05). The research findings may indicate that physical activity behavior that is a modifiable factor for remaining motor function plays a pivotal role in the outpatient group, and implementation intention, including rehabilitation treatment, should be considered critical in the inpatient group. In conclusion, the current research may suggest that the importance of implementation intention and the need for physical activity to maintain and improve health of individuals with stroke.
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