일제 침략 시기 만주 지역 중국 친일문학의 논리구조 ― 왕도낙토론(王道樂土論)과 오족협화론(五族協和論)을 중심으로(1931-1945)

Abstract

In order to discuss pro‐Japanese Chinese literature in the Manchurian area, the present study paid attention first to the logic of ‘The theory of the realm of peace and prosperity(王道樂土論)’ and ‘The theory of harmony of the five races(五族協和論)’, the mottos that the government of Manchukuo(滿洲國) put up from the outset of the state. The foundation of Manchukuo was promoted not by the voluntary will of the residents in the Manchurian area but by the invasive policy of Japanese imperialism, and thus the ‘The theory of the realm of peace and prosperity’ insisted on by Manchukuo had to be overshadowed by the power of Japanese imperialism that was pursuing supremacy over Asia. Nevertheless, most of pro‐Japanese people in Manchukuo justified their pro‐Japanese logic based on ‘The theory of the realm of peace and prosperity.’ It was because ‘the theory of the realm of peace and prosperity’ wore a Confucian coat and thus the pro‐Japanese people could justify their being pro‐Japanese for the cause of Confucian royalty to the king and patriotism. While ‘The theory of the realm of peace and prosperity’ functioned as a national ideal on the foundation of the country in combination with emperor‐centered imperialism, ‘The theory of harmony of the five races’ was logic for national integration proposed as social implementation of ‘The theory of the realm of peace and prosperity.’ In ‘The theory of harmony of the five races,’ ‘the five races(五族)’ meant the major peoples living in Manchukuo, which were Manchurians, Chinese, Mongolians, Koreans and Japanese. In addition, ‘harmony(協和)’ meant cooperation and peace among the peoples. The authorities of Japanese imperialism and Manchukuo spread the idea through the society arbitrarily and disguised the logic of imperialism shrewdly. Therefore, the logic to spread monarchism through ‘the Manchurian Concordia Association(滿洲協和會)’, to attain cooperation and peace among the races in Manchukuo, and then to take the harmony for the base of the promotion of people's will and the conveyance of the ruler's will to people was in fact nothing but a sophism to keep people ignorant and uncritical, submitting, complying and cooperating to monarchism and imperialism. In brief, ‘The theory of harmony of the five races’ outwardly took the form of equality pursued by an independent country, but in reality, it was typical pro‐Japanese logic aiming to win over Manchurian residents. ‘The theory of the realm of peace and prosperity’ and ‘The theory of harmony of the five races’ penetrated rapidly into pro‐Japanese literature in those days. In particular, the writers of the ‘Yiwenzhi group(藝文志派)’, which was a representative group of pro‐Japanese authors in Manchukuo, advocated ‘Write-Printism(寫印主義)’ and maintained that writers must commit themselves to writing and publication purposelessly. This may be the literary reflection of ‘The theory of the realm of peace and prosperity’ lacking criticism of realities and ‘The theory of harmony of the five races’ supporting blind cooperation and reconciliation.