브랜드 이미지와 브랜드 애호도 관계의 이해: 종단적인 연구
Understanding the Relationship between Brand Image and Brand Loyalty: A Longitudinal Study
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본 연구는 브랜드 이미지와 브랜드 애호도의 관계를 시간 흐름의 변화에 따른 차이에 대해 고찰한다. 특히 기존의 문헌이 특정 시점을 중심으로 하는 횡단연구에 초점을 둔 반면, 본 연구의 목적은 종단연구에 초점을 둠으로써 temporal effect와 carryover effect를 측정한다. 특히 브랜드 이미지를 구성하는 3개의 하위요인인 강도, 호의, 독특성을 중심으로 시간 경과 이후의 차이를 비교하고, 그 결과에 대한 시사점을 제공하는데 보다 초점을 둔다. 이와 같은 연구 목적을 위해 온라인 쇼핑몰을 이용하였으며, T 시점과 T+1 시점의 동일 응답자 308명을 대상으로 실증분석을 실시 하였다. 연구결과 브랜드 애호도, 강도, 호의, 독특성은 T+1 시점에 긍정적인 carryover effect를 나타내었으나, 브랜드 이미지는 그렇지 못하였다. 그러나 브랜드 이미지를 구성하는 3개 하위요인의 temporal effect는 상당히 유효하게 조사되었으며, 브랜드 이미지 ⟶ 브랜드 애호도의 관계는 시간이 경과하면서 더욱 강화되는 경향을 보였다. 이론적인 측면에서, 브랜드 이미지 평가의 중요성은 장기적인 관점에서 브랜드 애호도를 구축하는데 매우 중요하게 고려되어 왔기 때문에, 브랜드 이미지와 애호도의 관계가 시간경과 이후에 보다 강화된다는 본 연구의 결과는, 기존의 학계에서 주장되어 온 내용을 실증적인 평가를 통해 보다 강화시킨다. 또한 기존연구에서 고려되어지지 않은 temporal & carryover effects를 도입함으로서 브랜드 이미지 강화를 통한 브랜드 애호도 구축의 효과적인 접근방법을 제공했다는 의의를 찾을 수 있다.
Abstract
Even though extensive research is avaliable on brand image-brand loyalty relationships, relatively little research focuses on the three dimensions of brand image and loyalty over time. This study attempts to fill this research gap. In so doing, this study investigates the differences between brand image and brand loyalty and between three dimensions of brand image and brand loyalty over time. In particular, the existing literature focuses on a specific point between two parties, whereas the current study aims at measuring both temporal and carryover effects using a longitudinal study. More specifically, this study compares differences with three sub-dimensions(strength, favorably, and uniqueness) of brand image over time and provide insights for scholars and practitioners. Thus, this study conducts a survey using online shopping malls and tests an empirical analysis on the same respondents(n=308) at time point T and T+1. More specifically, 350 online private customers were randomly selected from lists provided by commercial websites during time point T and collected 329 usable data sets. At time point T+1, the sample of respondents in the longitudinal study was drawn from the original sample of 329 and finally collected 308 Usable Data Set. The findings show that carryover effects appear brand loyalty, strength, favorably, and uniqueness, but brand image doesn’t. However, temporal effects are significantly supported by three sub-dimensions of brand image. More specifically, the weights of three dimensions of brand image dropped over time. Furthermore, the relationship between brand image and brand loyalty is likely to be reinforced over time. That is, the weights increased from .57 to .69. To a better understanding of the current study, key results show the following:・The relationship between three dimensions of brand image of brand image is dynamic and changes over time. For three dimensions examined, there was a shift in weights from time point T and time point T+1. The relationship between brand image-brand loyalty at time point T and brand image-brand loyalty at time point T+1 changed over time. These results showed strong temporal effects among three dimensions, brand image, and brand loyalty. ・The result clarified the process by which brand loyalty at time point T influences brand loyalty at time point T+1. The result indicated carryover effect in the relationship between brand loyalty at time point T and brand loyalty at time point T+1. Since the importance of brand image evaluation has been critically considered as establishing brand loyalty, our findings empirically support the relationship over time. As a consequency, the current study contributes to enhance scholars’ knowledge of between two parties from the theoretical perspective. More importantly, an introduction of both temporal and carryover effects provides managerial insights for an effective approach of building brand loyalty through the reinforcement of brand image.
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