노인 단독가계의 사회적 참여 소비지출에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study examined the level and the proportion of consumption expenditures by consumption expenditure item and explored the determinants of social participation consumption expenditures of older single-person households with a focus on transportation, communication, culture and recreation, congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures, and total social participation consumption expenditures by demographic variables such as gender, age, education, having- religion, residential area and employment status, economic variables such as income, asset and debt, and health status. For this purpose, OLS regression analyses were conducted using a sample of 760 single householder aged 65 years or older in the third survey data of Korean Retirement and Income Study(KReIS 2009). Main findings can be summarized as the following:First, the level and the proportion of congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures were highest and transportation, communication, and culture and recreation were followed. Women spent less on social participation consumption expenditures than men. And women spent 60 % of men’s social participation consumption expenditures. Social participation consumption was normal good and necessary. The income elasticity of transportation, communication, culture and recreation, and congratulatory/condolence were higher than Engel’s coefficient and less than 1.0. Second, education was positively associated with transportation expenditures. Older single-person householders residing in town in province spent significantly more on transportation than those residing in Seoul. Older single-person householders who had disease spent significantly more on transportation than those who didn’t have. Third, income and debt was positively associated with communication expenditures, while age was negatively associated with communication expenditures. Fourth, religion and asset were positively associated with culture and recreation expenditures. Income and gender had a significant interaction effect on culture and recreation expenditures. Income was positively associated with culture and recreation expenditures for men and asset was positively associated with culture and recreation expenditures for women. Men having religion spent significantly more on recreation expenditures than those who did not have. Men residing in town in province spent significantly more on recreation expenditures than those residing in Seoul. And income elasticity of culture and recreation expenditures was much greater for men than for women. Fifth, older single-person householders having religion spent significantly more on congratulatory/ condolence and social expenditures than those who did not have. Income and gender had a significant interaction effect on congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures. Income was positively associated with culture and recreation expenditures for men and income and asset were positively associated with congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures for women. Age was negatively associated with congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures, while education was positively associated with congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures for women. Women having religion spent significantly more on congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures than those who did not have. Women residing in town in province spent significantly more on congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures than those residing in Seoul. Sixth, age was significantly negatively associated with the total social participation consumption expenditures, while asset was significantly positively associated with the total social participation consumption expenditures. Older single-person householders having religion spent significantly more on the total social participation consumption expenditures than those who did not have. Income and gender had a significant interaction effect on the total social participation consumption expenditures. Income was positively associated with culture and recreation expenditures for men and education, income and asset were positively associated with the total social participation consumption expenditures for women. Women having religion spent significantly more on the total social participation consumption expenditures than those who did not have. Women residing in town in province spent significantly more on the total social participation consumption expenditures than those residing in Seoul. Finally, social participation consumption expenditures older single-person householders were apparently changed by gender. Income had an effect on culture and recreation, and congratulatory/ condolence and social expenditures for men, and income and asset had an effect on culture and recreation, and congratulatory/condolence and social expenditures for women. Income has an emphasis on jobs and working capability, while asset has an emphsis on the household asset management and long term financial consumer education. Results from this study offer that customized support system differentiated by demographical characteristics such as gender, age, education, having-religion, residential area and economic characteristics such as income, asset and debt should be needed. Furthermore, it should be needed to educate their financial planning and job management, for individuals and households from young age.