투자 위험수용성향 척도의 활용성에 관한 연구 - Grable & Lytton의 시나리오형 문항과 단일문항 측정방법의 비교
Exploring the Usefulness of Financial Risk Tolerance Measurements - Comparison between the Grable & Lytton and a Single Item Measurements
0
조회
0
다운로드
12
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
개인의 투자의사결정에서 가장 중요한 요인은 본인의 투자성향을 파악하는 것이다. 본 연구는 투자위험과 관련한 개인의 심리적인 성향을 파악하기 위해 활용되는 투자위험수용성향 측정도구의 활용가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 시나리오형 질문으로 구성되어 있는 Grable & Lytton(1999, 2003)의 13개 문항을 한국어로 번역하여 서울 및 수도권에 거주하는 40대 남녀 806명을 대상으로 투자위험수용성향을 조사․분석하였고 이를 국내 금융사에서 많이 사용하고 있는 투자유형선택 단일문항의 응답과 비교하였다. 특히, 응답자의 투자행태를 상품이 가지고 있는 위험의 정도에 따라 분류하여 주관적으로 응답한 투자위험수용성향이 실제 투자행태에 반영되는 지를 살펴보았다. 분석결과 두 가지 유형의 투자위험수용성향 척도는 서로 의미 있는 상관관계를 보였으며 다수의 응답자가 동일한 응답을 하였으나 완전히 일치하는 것은 아니었다. 두 가지 유형의 투자위험수용성향 척도로 측정한 개인의 투자위험수용성향은 선행연구에서 밝혀진 관련 변수 중에서 성별, 재무지식, 재정만족도와 동일한 관계를 보였다. 두 가지 척도는 모두 응답자의 위험자산투자행동(주식이상 투자)에 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났다. 투자행태에 대한 분석을 통해, 우리나라에서 많이 사용되고 있는 단일문항은 개인의 투자유형을 측정하는 항목으로 개인의 심리적인 성향을 측정하는 데에는 다소 미흡할 수 있으나 개인의 투자행태를 구분하는 데에는 유용한 도구가 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, Grable & Lytton의 13개 문항은 개인의 성향을 측정한다는 측면에서 단일문항을 보완하는 도구가 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 투자위험수용성향을 측정함에 있어서 다양한 문항을 검토․종합하여 사용할 것을 제안하며, 향후 지속적으로 금융소비자의 투자위험수용성향을 파악하는 다양한 방법에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
The most important factor that influences individual investment behavior is the investment risk. The uncertainty of investment risk can influence individual investor’s financial well-being in a great degree, therefore suitability is a very important rule. To identify suitability, it is recommended to estimate individual investor’s investment profile. Individual investor’s investment profile is consisted with investment knowledge and experience, risk or investment capacity, and risk attitudes. The risk attitudes of the investment profile is personal trait that is relatively stable over time and it is called ‘financial risk tolerance.’ This study tried to explore the usefulness of two different financial risk tolerance measurements: single item measurement that identifies individual’s investment type and a 13-item measurement developed by Grable & Lytton (1999, 2003). A survey with 806 individuals on their 40s were conducted to examine their financial risk tolerance and investment behaviors. According to the analyses, it has been found that the degree of Korean adults’ financial risk tolerance is not high. The outcomes of the two financial risk tolerance were significantly correlated each other. Korean adults’ financial risk tolerance that were measured with the two measurements was related with gender, financial knowledge, and financial satisfaction. Individuals’ investment behavior can be predicted with financial risk tolerance and the two measurements can properly estimate individual’s attitudes toward financial risk. While the single item could be used to predict individual’s investment type, the 13-item measurement could be used to measure individual’s psychological traits. Further research on identifying financial risk tolerance is necessary.
참고문헌 (48)
- "표준투자권유준칙" (2016)[URL]
- 민경실, "국내 금융 투자자들의 위험 회피 성향 측정", 소비문화연구, 17(1), pp.69~88 (2014), 한국소비문화학회
- 박광수, "개인재무설계" (2012), 경문사
- 이성림, "투자권유준칙 상의 투자자 위험수용성향 평가척도의 검토", 소비자학연구, 25(2), pp.121~141 (2014), 한국소비자학회
- 이준영, "남성과 여성의 투자위험 감수성향 차이에 관한 연구", Family and Environment Research, 49(10), pp.1~13 (2011), 대한가정학회
- 임미화, "주택소유가구의 위험선호도와 주택담보대출부담이 가계의 자산관리활동에 미치는 영향", 부동산연구, 24(4), pp.149~159 (2014), 한국부동산연구원
- 장연주, "금융소비자의 재무위험감수성향영향요인 연구", Financial Planning Review, 5(2), pp.35~65 (2012)
- 정순희, "재무위험수용성향과 위험자산보유관련 변수에 관한 연구", Financial Planning Review, 4(4), pp.1~20 (2011)
- 주소현, "우리나라 펀드투자자의펀드투자 의사결정에 따른 투자행태", Financial Planning Review, 2(1), pp.75~102 (2009)
- 차경욱, "위험감수성향 집단 구분과 금융자산 보유특성에 관한 연구", 소비자정책교육연구, 10(1), pp.133~155 (2014), 한국소비자정책교육학회
- 차경욱, "개인투자자의 손실회피성향, 위험태도와 가계금융자산 보유 특성", Financial Planning Review, 6(3), pp.119~141 (2013), 한국FP학회
- 통계청, "2013년 가계금융복지조사 결과 보도자료", 통계청, ~ (2013)
- 허경옥, "소비자의 위험감수도와 현상유지도가 재무정보탐색, 가계재무관리행동 및 경제생활만족도에 미치는 영향", Financial Planning Review, 6(1), pp.1~25 (2013), 한국FP학회
- Bajtelsmit, Vickie L., "Why Do Women Invest Differently than Men", Financial Counseling and Planning, 7, pp.1~10 (1996)
- Bannier, Cristina, "Gender Differences in Financial Risk Taking: The Role of Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance", Economics Letters, 145, pp.130~135 (2016)
- Bonoma, Thomas V., "The SEU Calculus: Effects of Response Mode, Sex and Sex Role on Uncertain Decisions", Decision Sciences, 9, pp.206~227 (1978)
- Chavali, Kavita, "Impact of Demographic Variables and Risk Tolerance on Investment Decisions: An Empirical Analysis", International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(1), pp.169~175 (2016)
- Chen, Peng, "Negative Net Worth and the Life Cycle Hypothesis", Financial Counseling and Planning, 7, pp.87~96 (1996)
- Cordell, David M., "RiskPACK: How to Evaluate Risk Tolerance", Journal of Financial Planning, 14(6), pp.36~40 (2001)
- Cordell, David M., "Risk Tolerance in Two Dimensions", Journal of Financial Planning, 15(5), pp.30~33 (2002)
- Culter, Neal E., "Three Myths of Risk-Tolerance: What Clients Are Not Telling You", Journal of the American Society of CLU and ChFC, 49, pp.33~37 (1995)
- Faff, Robert, "On the Linkage Between Financial Risk Tolerance and Risk Aversion: Evidence From a Psychometrically-Validated Survey Versus An Online Lottery Choice Experiment", The Journal of Financial Research, 31(1), pp.1~23 (2008)
- Fernatt, Fred, "A Risk-Tolerance Paradox:Are Payday and Car Title Loan Customers Really More Risk Tolerant than Others?", International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), pp.214~229 (2012)
- Finke, Michael S, "The Brighter Side of Financial Risk:Financial Risk Tolerance and Wealth", Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 24(3), pp.233~256 (2003)
- Fisher, Patti J., "Loss Aversion and Saving Behavior: Evidence From the 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances", Journal of Family Economic Issues, 32, pp.4~14 (2011)
- Gilliam, John, "The Influence of Birth Order on Financial Risk Tolerance", Journal of Business and Economic Research, 9(4), pp.43~50 (2011)
- Gilliam, John, "Measuring the Perception of Financial Risk Tolerance: A Tale of Two Measures", Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 21(2), pp.30~43 (2010)
- Grable, John E., "Financial Risk Tolerance and Additional Factors that Affect Risk Taking in Everyday Money Matters", Journal of Business Psychology, 14, pp.625~630 (2000)
- Grable, John E., "Factors Related to Risk Tolerance: A Further Examination", Consumer Interests Annual, 45, pp.53~58 (1999)
- Grable, John E., "Enviornmental and Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Financial Risk Tolerance", Financial Counseling and Planning, 15(1), pp.73~82 (2004)
- Grable, John E., "Financial Risk Tolerance Revisited: The Development of a Risk Assessment Instrument", Financial Services Review, 8, pp.163~181 (1999)
- Grable, John E., "Assessing the Concurrent Validity of the Survey of Consumer Finances Risk Tolerance Question", Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 12(2), pp.43~53 (2001)
- Grable, John E., "The Development of a Risk Assessment Instrument:A Follow-Up Study", Financial Services Review, 12, pp.257~274 (2003)
- Grable, John E., "An Estimation of the Reliability of the Survey of Consumer Finance Risk-Tolerance Question", Consumer Interests Annual, 54, pp.117~118 (2008)
- Grable, John E., "Risk Tolerance, Projection Bias, Vividness, and Equity Prices", Journal of Investing, (summer), pp.68~74 (2006)
- Hallahan, Terrance A., "An Empirical Investigation of Personal Financial Risk Tolerance", Financial Services Review, 13, pp.57~78 (2004)
- Hanna, Sherman D., "A Measure of Risk Tolerance Based on Economic Theory", Financial Counseling and Planning, 12(2), pp.53~60 (2001)
- Hanna, Sherman D., "Financial Behavior and Attitudes of Asians Compared to Other Racial", Ethnic Groups in the United States, 2015, pp.36, 309~318
- Hariharan, Govind, "Risk Tolerance and Asset Allocation For Investors Nearing Retirement", Financial Services Review, 9, pp.159~170 (2000)
- Irwin, Jr. Charles E., "Adolescent Risk Taking", pp.7~28 (1993), Sage
- Woon-young Jeong, "Risk Tolerance and Financial Satisfaction", InternationalJournalofHumanEcology, 5(1), pp.35~43 (2004), 대한가정학회
- Kahneman, Daniel, "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk", Econometrica, 47(2), pp.263~292 (1979)
- Kannadhasan, M., "Relationship Between Biopsychosocial Factors and Financial Risk Tolerance: An Empirical Study", The Journal for Decision Makers, 41(2), pp.1~15 (2016)
- Kuzniak, Stephen, "The Grable & Lytton Risk Tolerance Scale: A 15-year Retrospective", Financial Services Review, 24(2), pp.177~192 (2015)
- Roszkowsky, Michael J., "Risk Perception and Risk Tolerance Changes Attributable to the 2008 Economic Crisis: A Subtle but Critical Difference", Journal of Financial Services Professionals, pp.42~53 (2010)
- Van de Venter, Gerhard, "A Longitudinal Study of Financial Risk Tolerance", Journal of Economic Psychology, 33, pp.794~800 (2012)
- Yang, Yali, "Measuring Risk Preferences:Re-examination of Grable & Lytton’s 13Item Questionnaire", Consumer Interests Annual, 50, pp.119~122 (2004)
- Yao, Rui, "Decomposing the Age Effect on Risk Tolerance", The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40, pp.879~887 (2011)
