본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

소비문화의 차원화 및 척도개발 -서울, 뉴욕, 스톡홀름의 소비자를 대상으로 -

Dimensions and Measures of Consumer Culture - Focusing on Consumers in Seoul, New York, & Stockholm -

0

조회

0

다운로드

12

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

소비문화 연구에 대한 관심이 학문적으로는 물론 비즈니스 실무적 접근을 위해 점점 더 커지고 있다. 본 연구는실증적 소비문화 연구를 위하여 소비문화의 차원화를 시도하였다. 소비문화연구의 사적 고찰을 통하여 소비문화는소비재를 매개로 한 의미의 상호작용으로 발현된다는 것을 발견하였으며, 소비문화의 주요한 분석단위로 의미와 상호작용을 활용하고자 하였다. 소비문화는 의미성에 따라 기능과 상징의 범주, 그리고 상호작용성에 따라 개인적 상호작용과 사회적 상호작용의 범주로 구분될 수 있다. 각 범주를 두 개의 축으로 삼아 개인적 기능, 개인적 상징, 사회적 상징, 사회적 기능의 네 개의 소비문화 차원이 도출되었다. 소비문화의 각 차원은 두 개의 하위차원으로 구성되는데, 개인적 기능 차원은 경제성과 검약지향, 개인적 상징 차원은 향유와 자기표현지향, 사회적 상징 차원은 타자승인과 유명선호지향, 그리고 사회적 기능 차원은 친사회와 친환경지향의 하위차원으로 이루어진다. 소비문화 차원의 척도 개발을 위하여 대한민국 서울, 미국 뉴욕, 스웨덴 스톡홀름의 세 도시 20-40대 소비자 각500명 등 총 1,500명을 대상으로 2006년 9월 온라인설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 소비문화의 차원 측정을위하여 총 20개 문항의 조사도구가 최종적으로 개발되었다. 본 연구는 소비문화의 두 차원인 의미성과 상호작용성에 기반하여 소비문화를 실증적으로 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하였다는데 그 의의가 있다. 상징적 의미 범주에속하는 차원간 및 기능적 의미 범주에 속하는 차원간의 상관관계가 각각 매우 높게 나타나 기능과 상징이 소비문화차원화를 위한 명확한 기준임을 확인하였으며 사회적 기능 차원은 상징적 의미 범주와 정적인 관계를 보이고 있어일정 부분 상징적인 의미를 제공하는 것으로 해석된다. 본 연구에서 개발된 척도를 활용하여 향후 각 국가별 소비문화 비교분석 및 그 원인파악에 대한 후속연구가 진행되어야 할 필요성이 제기된다.

Abstract

It is demanding to understand a consumer culture for academic interests and for the business success as well. This research tried to find dimensions and measures of consumer culture,which enable consumer culture researchers to conduct an empirical cross-cultural comparison study with elaborated tools. To develop an internationally applicable measures, authors selected three representative countries with consideration of the structural differences in economic level and economic system; south Korea, USA, and Sweden. While both USA and Sweden are included in the western culture and have a GDP of 40,000 US dollars, USA adopts a typical free market economy and Sweden is the representative of adjusted market economy. South Korea is originally embodied with the Asian culture and has a GDP of 20,000 US dollars. Consumer culture is a whole body of consumer lifestyle, which addresses all the consumptionrelated practices in our everyday lives. Through the historical review of consumer culture studies, authors found that the meaning of consumer culture expanded from the functional to the symbolic. While the original nature of consumption is to fulfill functional needs, more focus is putting on the capability to create a symbolic meaning of consumption in the modern consumer society. In addition, consumption includes social interaction. The meaning of consumption goods have a movable nature and function as media of communication. Social interaction through consumption can be divided into two categories; individual dimension such as hedonic symbol and social dimension such as social distinction. In the modern consumer society, consumption is more getting to imply the relations between peoples. Sustainable consumer culture, which is considered as one of the alternative consumer cultures, functions positively to the society and to the environment as well. Moreover, sustainable consumer culture implies interactions between individual and the society as well as interactions between individuals and the environment. Authors found that a consumer culture is an interaction of meaning via consumer goods, and herein, a meaning and an interactivity can be the main analysis unit. A consumer culture is classified into two dichotomies by meaning and interactivity; functional-symbolic and individualsocial. These two dichotomies are combined into a 2×2 cross-classification, and four-celled dimensions of consumer culture are produced; individual-functional, socio-functional, individualsymbolic and socio-symbolic. Each dimension has two sub-dimensions; ‘economical efficiency’and ‘frugality’(individual-functional dimension), ‘fun pursuing’ and ‘self expression’(individualsymbolic dimension), ‘approval by others’ and ‘brand-good preference’(socio-symbolic dimension),and ‘pro-social action’ and ‘pro-environmental action’(socio-functional dimension). To validate the measure of consumer culture dimensions, an online survey was conducted in September 2006. The respondents were 1,500 consumers in their 20's to 40's of three metropolitan cities in Republic of Korea, USA and Sweden: Seoul, New York, and Stockholm. As a result of survey, a questionnaire with 20 questions was developed to measure consumer culture dimensions. A consumer culture was apparently dimensionalized by the meaning category, functional-symbolic with a high corelation between the dimensions in symbolic and in functional meaning category separately. In addition, a socio-functional dimension provides symbolic meaning to consumers with a positive relationship with symbolic meaning category. The symbolic nature of the consumption in the socio-functional dimension gives us an insight for the sustainable consumer culture expansion. If the symbolic meaning of the consumption in the socio-functional dimension can be discovered by country/cultural level, the sustainable consumption practices can be triggered voluntarily by consumers. This research contributes to the field of empirical cross-cultural consumer research by establishing the dimensions and by developing measures of a consumer culture. The dimensions and measures of consumer culture are expected to be a start point to understand of the each country's consumer culture and compare consumer culture with another one. For further consumer culture study, a phenomenal research can be combined with to explore the origins and the roles of the meaning of consumer goods and the direction of the interaction through the consumption.

참고문헌 (81)

  1. 권미화, "청소년소비자의 소비행동 합리성에 영향을 미치는 요인", 한국가정관리학회지, 18(2), pp.175~190 (2000)
  2. 김기옥, "내용분석을 통해 본 소비자학의 연구동향 1980-1999", 대한가정학회지, 38(4), pp.49~60 (2000)
  3. 김나연, "청소년 소비자의 동조적 상표선택 행동에 관한 연구-캐주얼 의류를 중심으로", 대한가정학회지, 39(12), pp.253~269 (2001)
  4. 유미현, "20, 30대 여성의 수입유명브랜드 제품 소비행동", 대한가정학회지, 42(2), pp.33~46 (2004), 대한가정학회
  5. 박명희, "생각하는 소비문화" (2006), 교문사
  6. 백경미, "현대소비문화와 한국소비문화에 관한 고찰", 소비자학연구, 9, pp.17~32 (1998)
  7. 서정희, "영남과 호남의 소비가치에 대한 탐색적 연구", 소비문화연구, 3(2), pp.123~143 (2000)
  8. 서정희, "대학생 소비자의 물질주의 와 쾌락적.효용적 쇼핑가치 비교연구: 한국, 미국, 일본 대학생을 대상으로", 한국생활과학회지, 13(5), pp.765~776 (2004), 한국생활과학회
  9. 손상희, "소비사회와 청소년 소비문화", 한국가정관리학회지, 15(4), pp.341~353 (1996)
  10. 손상희, "한국가계의 소비수준 및 표준, 지속가능한 생활양식의 실현 모색", 한국가정관리학회지, 19(5), pp.259~277 (2001)
  11. 손상희, "십대 초반 청소년의 아바타 소비행위를 통해 본 소비의 상징적 의미 연구", 소비자학연구, 15(4), pp.77~102 (2004), 한국소비자학회
  12. 송인숙, "소비문화에 관한 연구의 현황과 전망", 대한가정학회지, 40(2), pp.39~56 (2002), 대한가정학회
  13. 송인숙, "소비윤리의 내용과 차원정립을 위한 연구", 소비자학연구, 16(2), pp.37~56 (2005), 한국소비자학회
  14. 오정우, "성, 성역할태도와 소비행동의 유형화", 석사, pp.2000
  15. 윤숙현, "자발적 단순성지향 생활양식(Voluntary Simplicity Life Style)에 기초한 환경운동의 방향", 대한가정학회지, 42(1), pp.1~16 (2004), 대한가정학회
  16. 윤원아, "소비자의 집단주의-개인주의 성향에 관한 척도 개발", 소비자학연구, 11(3), pp.1~14 (2000)
  17. 이기춘, "소비자학의 이해" (2005), 학현사
  18. 이성림, "소비자학 분야의 소비문화 연구에 대한 소고", 소비문화연구, 9(2), pp.127~149 (2006), 한국소비문화학회
  19. 이승신, "소비자 그리고 소비문화" (2004), 신정
  20. 전해은, "현대소비공간과 소비행동:동대문 쇼핑몰의 소비문화적 의미분석", 소비자학연구, 13(2), pp.5~126 (2002), 한국소비자학회
  21. 최석진, "한?일 양국 신세대의 소비문화에 관한 비교연구 : 대학생들의 라이프스타일 특성 및 여가생활을 중심으로", 아시아마케팅저널, 4(4), pp.4~96 (2002), 한국마케팅학회
  22. "한국 통계청"[URL]
  23. "한국조세연구원"[URL]
  24. 함인희, "중산층의 정체성과 소비문화" (2001), 집문당
  25. 황혜선, "상징적 소비성향의 척도개발 및 적용", 한국소비자교육정책학회 2006년 하계학술대회 발표자료집 (2006)
  26. Babin, Barry J., "Work and", or Fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value, 1994, pp.20(4), 644~656
  27. Baudrillard, Jean, "소비의 사회" (1992), 문예출판사
  28. Baylis, Charles A., "Grading, Values, and Choice", Mind, 67(268), pp.485~501 (1958)
  29. Belk, Russell W., "Possessions and the extended self", Journal of Consumer Research, 13, pp.139~168 (1988)
  30. Blackorby, Charles, "Economic policy in a second-best environment", Canadian Economics Association, ⅩⅩⅢ(4), pp.748~771 (1990)
  31. Bloch, Peter H., "Shopping without Purchase: An Investigation of Consumer Browsing Behavior, In Advances in Consumer Research. 10", pp.389~393 (1983), Association for Consumer Research
  32. Bond, Edward J., "Reason and Value" (1983), Cambridge University Press
  33. Bourdieu, Pierre, "구별짓기 : 문화와 취향의 사회학 상, 하" (1995), 새물결
  34. Browne, Michael W, "Alternative ways of assessing model fit", Sociological Methodes & Research, 21, pp.230~258 (1992)
  35. Cheng, Hong, "Reflections of cultural values: A content analysis of chinese magazine advertisements from 1982 to 1992", International Journal of Advertising, pp.167~182 (1994)
  36. Churchill, Gilbert A., "A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs", Journal of Marketing Research, XVI, pp.64~73 (1979)
  37. "CIA Factbook"[URL]
  38. Dittmar, Helga, "The Social Psychology of Material Possession: To Have is To Be" (1992), Harvester Wheatsheaf
  39. Douglas, Mary, "The World of Goods: Towards an anthropology of consumption" (1979), Penguin
  40. Elliott, Richard, "Brands as symbolic resources for construction of identity", International Journal of Advertising, 17(2), pp.131~144 (1998)
  41. Gabriel, Yiannis, "The Unmanageable Consumer: Contemporary Consumption and its Fragmentations" (1995), Sage Publications
  42. Ger, Guliz, "Crosscultural differences in materialism", Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, pp.55~77 (1996)
  43. Giddens, Anthony, "Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age" (1991), Polity Press
  44. Hall, Edward, "문화를 넘어서" (1976), 한길사
  45. Hirshman, Elizabeth C., "Attributes of Attributes and Layers of Meaning, In Advances in Consumer Research, 7" (1980), Association for Consumer Research
  46. Hirshman, Elizabeth C., "Commonality and Idiosyncrasy in Popular Culture: An Empirical Examination of the Layers of Meaning Concept, In Symbolic Consumer Behavior" (1981), Association for Consumer Research
  47. Hofstede, Geert, "A Case for Comparing Apples with Oranges ― International Dif- ferences in Values, In Values and attitudes across nations and time", pp.16~29 (1998), Brill
  48. Holbrook, Morris B., "Some Preliminary Notes on Research in Consumer Esthetics, In Advances in Consumer Research, 7" (1980), Association for Consumer Research
  49. Holbrook, Morris B., "Consumer Value: A Framework for Analysis and Research" (1999), Routledge
  50. Holt, Douglas B., "How Consumers Consume: A Typology of Consumption Practices", The Journal of Consumer Research, 22(1), pp.1~16 (1995)
  51. "IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2006"[URL]
  52. Ingelhart, Ronald, "Chapter 1. Value Systems: The Subjective Aspect of Politics and Economics, In Modernization and Postmodernization" (1997), Princeton University Press
  53. Keegan, Warren, "Global Marketing(4th edition)" (2005), Prentice-Hall
  54. Kluckhohn, Clyde, "Mirror for man: a relation of anthropology to modern life" (1949), Whittlesey House
  55. Lastovicka, John L., "Lifestyle of the Tight and Frugal: Theory and Measurement", The Journal of Consumer Research, 26(1), pp.85~98 (1999)
  56. Leonard-Barton, Dorothy, "Voluntarily Simplicity Lifestyles and Energy Conservation", The Journal of Consumer Research, 8(3), pp.243~252 (1981)
  57. Levy, Sidney J., "The Symbolic Analysis of Companies, Brands and Customer", 20th Annual Albert Wesley Frey Lecture (1980), University of Pittsburgh
  58. Maignan, Isabelle, "Consumers' Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibilities: A Cross-Cultural Comparison", Journal of Business Ethics, 30, pp.57~72 (2001)
  59. McCracken, Grant, "Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Charater of Consumer Goods and Activities" (1988), Indiana University Press
  60. 2006 아시아태평양부자보고서, "Merrill Lynch & Co.", ~
  61. Miles, Steven, "현실세계와 사회이론" (2003), 일신사
  62. Mukerjee,Radhakamal, "The Dimensions of Values" (1964), George Allen & Unwin
  63. Natural Marketing Institute, "Understanding the LOHAS Market" (2005), Natural Marketing Institute
  64. Mueller, Barbara, "An analysis of information content in standardized vs. specialized multinational advertisements", Journal of international Business Studies, 22, pp.23~39 (1991)
  65. "OECD Fackbook 2006"[URL]
  66. Porter, Roy, "Consumption: disease of the consumer society, In Consumption and the World of Goods", pp.58~71 (1993), Routledge
  67. Richins, Marsha L., "A Consumer Values Orientation for Materialism and Its Measurement: Scale Development and Validation", Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), pp.303~316 (1992)
  68. A Normative Conception of Value, "Schecher, Len", Progressive Grocer, 12~14 (1984)
  69. Schor, Juliet B., "Toward a New Politics of Consumption", pp.446~462 (2000), The Consumer Society Reader
  70. Sheth, Jagdish N., "Why We Buy What We Buy", Journal of Business Research, 22(2), pp.159~170 (1991)
  71. Slator, Don, "소비문화와 현대성" (2000), 문예출판사
  72. Sproles, George B., "A Methodology for profiling consumer decision-making styles", The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 20, pp.267~279 (1986)
  73. Tansey, Richard, "Cultural themes in Brazilian and U.S. auto ads: A crosscultural comparison", Journal of Advertising, 19(2), pp.30~40 (1990)
  74. Triandis, Harry C., "Individualism and Collectivism" (1995), Westview Press
  75. Trobe, Helen L., "A modified NEP", DSP Environmental Attitudes scale, 2000, pp.32(1), 12~20
  76. "UNDP 통계자료"[URL]
  77. Veblen, Thorstein, "유한계급론" (2005), 우물이 있는 집
  78. "ZenithOptimedia Global Facts & Forecasts 2006"[URL]
  79. Zepeda, Lydia, "Characteristics of Organic food shoppers", Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 39, pp.17~28 (2007)
  80. Zepeda, Lydia, "Organic and local food consumer behavior” Alphabet Theory", International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33, pp.697~705 (2009)
  81. 間間田孝夫, "消費社會論" (2001), 有斐閣

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)