한국 대중음악 시장에서의 흥행요인에 대한 탐색적 연구: 발매 계절과 음악 내적 요인의 상호작용 효과를 중심으로
An Exploratory Study of the Determinants of Digital Music Performance: Interaction Effect of Release Season and Intrinsic Attributes
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한국 대중음악 산업이 비약적인 성장을 기록하면서 대중음악 시장의 흥행 요인에 대한 이론적, 실무적 관심이 증대되고 있다. 그러나 대중음악의 흥행요인을 다룬 연구들은 소수에 불과하고, 그마저도 음악 외적 요인 위주로 진행되어 왔다. 또한, 대중음악은 발매 직후에 소비가 집중되는 경향이 있으며 엔터테인먼트 산업의 특성상 시기에 따라소비자 선호가 다름에도, 시기에 따른 흥행요인의 가변성을 다룬 연구는 드물다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 국내 대중음악시장에서의 흥행요인으로 음악 외적 및 내적 요인을 종합적으로 분석하고, 발매 계절에 따른 흥행요인의 가변성을탐색함으로써 소비자들의 선호와 음악 특성을 고려하여 신곡을 발매하는 전략적 의사결정에 기여하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2019년 1주차~2023년 20주차의 총 229주의 기간 중 국내 공인 음악차트의 디지털 음원 주간차트에등재된 2,009곡을 분석하였다. 이때 스타 파워 등 음악의 외적 특성을 수집하는 한편, 머신러닝 기법으로 도출한내적 특성 자료도 수집하였다. 두 가지 성과 변수를 활용하여 음원의 최고 등수에 대해서는 다중회귀분석을, 차트인기간에 대해서는 생존분석 모형 중 가속 고장시간 모형을 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 최고 등수에 영향을 미치는 흥행요인으로는 선정성, 소리 크기, 댄스 적합성, 대형 기획사 여부 등이 있었으며, 발매 계절에 따라 선정성, 활기, 어쿠스틱함, 라이브 공연성, 템포가 흥행에 미치는 영향이 상이하다는 사실을 발견하였다. 차트인 기간에 영향을 미치는 흥행요인으로는 소리 크기, 활기, 라이브 공연성, 가수의 스타파워 등이 있었으며, 발매 계절에 따라 댄스 적합성, 활기, 라이브 공연성, 분위기의 밝음, 템포가 흥행에 미치는 영향이 상이함을 규명하였다. 본 연구는 머신러닝 기법으로 도출된 음악의 내적 특성을 이용하여 한국 대중음악 시장의 성공 요인을 종합적으로 분석하였으며, 발매 계절에 따른 흥행요인의 가변성을 포착하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한, 발매 이전에 곡의 흥행 가능성을 가늠할 수 있는 계량적 근거를 제공하여 대중음악 산업 종사자들의 의사결정에 도움이 될 것으로기대한다.
Abstract
As the Korean music industry has grown significantly, so too have theoretical and practicalinterests in understanding the determinants of musical success. Music consumption tends topeak shortly after release, and consumers' musical preferences vary over time, a commonphenomenon in the entertainment industry. However, few studies have examined the determinantsof music popularity, with most focusing on extrinsic attributes. The variability of these determinantsis rarely addressed. This study aims to analyze both extrinsic and intrinsic attributes assuccess factors in the South Korean music market and to explore the variability of popularitydeterminants based on the season of release. We analyzed 2,009 songs listed on the official weekly digital music chart from the 1st week of2019 to the 20th week of 2023. Linear regression was applied to examine a song's peak chartrank, and the accelerated failure time model, a type of survival analysis, was used to assess theduration of chart presence. Our analysis found that explicitness, loudness, danceability, and thesize of the production company significantly influence a song’s peak chart position. Furthermore,the effects of explicitness, energy, acousticness, liveness and tempo on peak rank varied dependingon the release season. Additionally, loudness, energy, liveness, and an artist's star power werefound to impact the duration of a song’s chart presence. The effects of danceability, energy,liveness, valence, and tempo on chart duration also varied by release season. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of musical success in SouthKorea using acoustic features estimated by machine learning methods. It also highlights thevariability of popularity determinants across different release seasons. Our findings provideinsights for predicting a song’s potential success before its release and assist artists and productioncompanies in their decision-making processes.
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