中國戱曲改革運動 硏究― 梁祝, 白蛇傳, 十五貫을 중심으로

Abstract

The movement of Xiqu reform in China did not begin in it's own necessary, but began by administrative orders of political purpose, so we may say that from the beginning it included lots of problems. “Hundred flowers blossom together, and remove old and generate new(百花齊放, 推陳出新)” which Mao Zedong submitted was the movement's general principles, and “innovate actors(改人), change system(改制), renovate drama(改戱) which Zhou Enlai publicized was the concrete practicing plans.” However, general principles themselves were contradictory, and practicing plans as well brought a number of trials and errors, and harmful effects, because the movement forced by administrative orders. The movement of Xiqu reform in the end came into writing “Model-drama(樣板戱)” at the period of “The Cultural Revolution”. From this point of view, it could be said that the movement of Xiqu reform was an big mistake done by political authority, and a mass movement lead by political authority in its essence. It could be regarded as one of political movements “to innovate people”. Nevertheless, there was some outcomes, for example “Liang and Zhu(梁祝, Yue opera)”, “white snake romance(白蛇傳, Beijing opera)”, “fifteen-bundle's coin(十五貫, Kun opera)” which were considered as the representative works of the movement of Xiqu reform. The leaders of Chinese communists took a serious view on those three works for the purpose of political education effect, but the general public more concerned their aesthetic “amusing functions”.