미분화갑상선암의 치료
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma - a Therapeutic Dilemma
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare type of malignancy of thyroid follicular cell origin. It is one of the most aggressive human cancers, and typically associated with a fatal prognosis. Most patients are presenting as locally advanced and systemically disseminated disease. A single mode of therapy, whether it is surgery,chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, fails to afford significantly favorable outcomes. While multimodality approaches may enhance the treatment response to a small degree, such implementations of these modalities are often impractical as many patients are of old age and are unable to tolerate the intensity of treatments. As in many other types of carcinomas, radical resection may be the mainstay of therapy for ATC, but surgery itself is seldom possible for this condition. Even with aggressive surgical therapy for those invasive ATCs, there is no evidence of decreased recurrence rates, while only the post-surgical morbidity rates increase. One chemotherapeutic agent that seems to demonstrate some effect against ATC is adriamycin, which is more effective when administered in combination, and is also known to act synergistically with radiotherapy. A commonly employed treatment modality is the combination therapy of adriamycin and cisplatin administration with hyperfractionated radiation therapy. Other chemotherapeutic agents proven to be effective are taxanes such as paclitaxel and docetaxel. Despite of disappointing result of conventional radiotherapy, however, hyperfractionated radiation therapy and combined chemotherapy has been suggested to improve survival rates by some institutions, while others disagree. The dismal results of conventional treatments for ATCs have stimulated the investigation for new therapeutic methods with improved outcome. There have been a number of trials of new materials or therapeutic methods. In recent studies, some trials were partially successful or promising in vitro or in vivo. The examples of these trials are; redifferentiation therapies, molecular targeted therapies, and some other miscellaneous methods. Although the observations may suggest that some of the methods may have a therapeutic effect on ATCs, or may act as an adjunct to other primary treatment modality, the efficacy and safety have not been ascertained yet in human trials, and further confirmation through in-depth studies are required.
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare type of malignancy of thyroid follicular cell origin. It is one of the most aggressive human cancers, and typically associated with a fatal prognosis. Most patients are presenting as locally advanced and systemically disseminated disease. A single mode of therapy, whether it is surgery,chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, fails to afford significantly favorable outcomes. While multimodality approaches may enhance the treatment response to a small degree, such implementations of these modalities are often impractical as many patients are of old age and are unable to tolerate the intensity of treatments. As in many other types of carcinomas, radical resection may be the mainstay of therapy for ATC, but surgery itself is seldom possible for this condition. Even with aggressive surgical therapy for those invasive ATCs, there is no evidence of decreased recurrence rates, while only the post-surgical morbidity rates increase. One chemotherapeutic agent that seems to demonstrate some effect against ATC is adriamycin, which is more effective when administered in combination, and is also known to act synergistically with radiotherapy. A commonly employed treatment modality is the combination therapy of adriamycin and cisplatin administration with hyperfractionated radiation therapy. Other chemotherapeutic agents proven to be effective are taxanes such as paclitaxel and docetaxel. Despite of disappointing result of conventional radiotherapy, however, hyperfractionated radiation therapy and combined chemotherapy has been suggested to improve survival rates by some institutions, while others disagree. The dismal results of conventional treatments for ATCs have stimulated the investigation for new therapeutic methods with improved outcome. There have been a number of trials of new materials or therapeutic methods. In recent studies, some trials were partially successful or promising in vitro or in vivo. The examples of these trials are; redifferentiation therapies, molecular targeted therapies, and some other miscellaneous methods. Although the observations may suggest that some of the methods may have a therapeutic effect on ATCs, or may act as an adjunct to other primary treatment modality, the efficacy and safety have not been ascertained yet in human trials, and further confirmation through in-depth studies are required.
참고문헌 (47)
- Ain KB, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a therapeutic challenge", Semin Surg Oncol, 16(1), pp.64~69 (1999)
- 장항석, "Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Therapeutic Dilemma", Yonsei Medical Journal, 46(6), pp.759~764 (2005), 연세대학교의과대학
- Are C, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: biology, pathogenesis, prognostic factors, and treatment approaches", Ann Surg Oncol, 13(4), pp.453~464 (2006)
- Gilliland FD, "Prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma. A population-based study of 15,698 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program 1973-1991", Cancer, 79(3), pp.564~573 (1997)
- Us-Krasovec M, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in fine needle aspirates", Acta Cytol, 40(5), pp.953~958 (1996)
- Rivera M, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: morphologic findings and PAX-8 expression in cytology specimens", Acta Cytol, 54(5), pp.668~672 (2010)
- Kebebew E, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Treatment outcome and prognostic factors", Cancer, 103(7), pp.1330~1335 (2005)
- Carcangiu ML, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. A study of 70 cases", Am J Clin Pathol, 83(2), pp.135~158 (1985)
- Lang BH, "Surgical options in undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma", World J Surg, 31(5), pp.969~977 (2007)
- Abate EG, "Managing anaplastic thyroid carcinoma", Expert Rev Endocrinol Metabol, 6(6), pp.793~809 (2011)
- Tan RK, "Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid: a 24-year experience", Head Neck, 17(1), pp.41~48 (1995)
- Ain KB., "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: behavior, biology, and therapeutic approaches", Thyroid, 8(8), pp.715~726 (1998)
- American Joint Cancer Committee, "AJCC Cancer Staging Manual" (2010), AJCC
- Smallridge RC, "Anaplastic thyroid cancer: molecular pathogenesis and emerging therapies", Endocr Relat Cancer, 16(1), pp.17~44 (2009)
- Catalano MG, "Emerging molecular therapies of advanced thyroid cancer", Mol Aspects Med, 31(2), pp.215~226 (2010)
- Wiseman SM, "Anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer: review of clinical, pathologic, and molecular evidence provides new insights into disease biology and future therapy", Head Neck, 25(8), pp.662~670 (2003)
- La Perle KM, "Loss of p53 promotes anaplasia and local invasion in ret", PTC1-induced thyroid carcinomas, 2000, pp.157(2), 671~677
- Santoro M, "RET activation and clinicopathologic features in poorly differentiated thyroid tumors", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87(1), pp.370~379 (2002)
- O'Neill JP, "Anaplastic thyroid cancer, tumorigenesis and therapy", Ir J Med Sci, 179(1), pp.9~15 (2010)
- Santarpia L, "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase", akt and ras, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, pp.2008, 93(1)[DOI]
- Xing M, "Genetic alterations in the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase", Akt pathway in thyroid cancer, 2010, pp.20(7), 697~706
- Kurihara T, "Immunohistochemical and sequencing analyses of the Wnt signaling components in Japanese anaplastic thyroid cancers", Thyroid, 14(12), pp.1020~1029 (2004)
- Garcia-Rostan G, "Frequent mutation and nuclear localization of beta-catenin in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma", Cancer Res, 59(8), pp.1811~1815 (1999)
- Venkatesh YS, "Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic study of 121 cases", Cancer, 66(2), pp.321~330 (1990)
- Haigh PI, "Completely resected anaplastic thyroid carcinoma combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and irradiation is associated with prolonged survival", Cancer, 91(12), pp.2335~2342 (2001)
- Nilsson O, "Anaplastic giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: treatment and survival over a 25-year period", World J Surg, 22(7), pp.725~730 (1998)
- Wein RO, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: palliation or treatment?", Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 19(2), pp.113~118 (2011)
- Lu WT, "Does surgery improve the survival of patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma?", Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 118(5), pp.728~731 (1998)
- Giuffrida D, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: current diagnosis and treatment", Ann Oncol, 11(9), pp.1083~1089 (2000)
- Pushkarev VM, "Effects of Paclitaxel and combination of the drug with radiation therapy in an in vivo model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma", Exp Oncol, 33(1), pp.24~27 (2011)
- Satake S, "Lack of a point mutation of human DNA topoisomerase II in multidrugresistant anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines", Cancer Lett, 116(1), pp.33~39 (1997)
- Sekiguchi M, "Biological characteristics and chemosensitivity profile of four human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines", Biomed Pharmacother, 55(8), pp.466~474 (2001)
- Swaak-Kragten AT, "Multimodality treatment for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma--treatment outcome in 75 patients", Radiother Oncol, 92(1), pp.100~104 (2009)
- Pudney D, "Clinical experience of the multimodality management of anaplastic thyroid cancer and literature review", Thyroid, 17(12), pp.1243~1250 (2007)
- Ain KB, "Treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with paclitaxel: phase 2 trial using ninety-sixhour infusion. Collaborative Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Health Intervention Trials (CATCHIT) Group", Thyroid, 10(7), pp.587~594 (2000)
- Kawada K, "The feasibility study of docetaxel in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer", Jpn J Clin Oncol, 40(6), pp.596~599 (2010)
- Tennvall J, "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Doxorubicin, hyperfractionated radiotherapy and surgery", Acta Oncol, 29(8), pp.1025~1028 (1990)
- Wang Y, "Clinical outcome of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treated with radiotherapy of once- and twice-daily fractionation regimens", Cancer, 107(8), pp.1786~1792 (2006)
- Ito Y, "Investigation of the validity of UICC stage grouping of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid", Asian J Surg, 32(1), pp.47~50 (2009)
- Higashiyama T, "Optimal surgical procedure for locally curative surgery in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: importance of preoperative ultrasonography", Endocr J, 57(9), pp.763~769 (2010)
- Kojic SL, "Anaplastic thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review of novel therapy", Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 11(3), pp.387~402 (2011)
- Prichard CN, "Concurrent cetuximab and bevacizumab therapy in a murine orthotopic model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma", Laryngoscope, 117(4), pp.674~679 (2007)
- Kim S, "Cetuximab and irinotecan interact synergistically to inhibit the growth of orthotopic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma xenografts in nude mice", Clin Cancer Res, 12(2), pp.600~607 (2006)
- Kim S, "Targeted molecular therapy of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with AEE788", Mol Cancer Ther, 4(4), pp.632~640 (2005)
- Hoffman SF, "Cerebral cysticercosis", South Med J, 68(1), pp.105~108 (1975)
- Yokoi K, "Dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor phosphorylation by AEE788 reduces growth and metastasis of human colon carcinoma in an orthotopic nude mouse model", Cancer Res, 65(9), pp.3716~3725 (2005)
- Kim S, "Sorafenib inhibits the angiogenesis and growth of orthotopic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma xenografts in nude mice", Mol Cancer Ther, 6(6), pp.1785~1792 (2007)