沈從文 소설의 화자 연구

Abstract

Among many other studies regarding Shen Cong Wen, this study was oriented to the narrators, about which not many studies have been done despite its importance. In the first place, this study clarified that the narrators from the novels of Shen Congwen are the voices of the storytellers. Later, it considered the background of which these narrators appeared and its meaning. At a glance, the storytelling narrators who consistently appear in the novels of Shen Congwen seem to go against the developmental trends of contemporary novels. However, the storyteller is recreated by Shen Congwen, who is proud of being a rural man, in accordance with contemporary situations in the process of acceptance, selection and fusion of the West-the East, tradition-modernity, urban area-rural area and Elite-folk culture. The appearance of such a storyteller has significance in two perspectives. Firstly, the storyteller’s voice reflects consciousness of a writer of Shen Congwen intending to maintain the independent values of literature. Secondly, the story of the storyteller has an intention of spreading characters and vitality of folk society of Chinese tradition to contemporary urban Elites (intellectuals); therefore, it plays a key role in diversifying enlightenment of The New Culture Movement of May 4. In the next place, this study inquired into literary achievement of storytellers of novels of Shen Congwe, from the two big streams of literature, namely, artistic values and public interest (utilitarianism). The storytelling narrators appearing in the novels of Shen Congwen are not the mere results of retro experiments or accidental trials, but the results of inquiry into the essence of novel made by Shen Congwen as a writer. For Shen Congwen as a writer, the creation of novels was the pursuit of appropriateness. This pursuit of appropriateness is turning a dead story or a story into a plot, and the storyteller who appears in this process is playing a role in expanding the space of imagination based on the appropriateness of the flow of the novel. The narrators from the novels of Shen Congwen appear in the entire flow of the story, unlike other narrators of enlightenment novels who appeared in the story only to enhance veracity of the literary world. In other words, the narrators of Shen Congwen emphasizes that the literary world is only a story and not the truth to look for communication with readers. While the ideal reader does not coincide with the real reader in enlightenment novels, the novels of Shen Congwen pursue the accordance between the ideal reader and the real reader through the voice of narrator. It is estimated that this factor also plays a decisive role in forming utilitarian literary outlook which is uniquely observed in Shen Congwen.