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State of the Art on Terrestrial Radionavigation System and Its Applications for Maritime PNT Service

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초록

This paper addresses on the International technical trends, standards, and development status of terrestrial radionavigation system to provide more accurate and fail-safe Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Information available in maritime navigation environment. We analyze the performance result of pilot service in enhanced Long range navigation (eLoran) testbed environment using Low Frequency (LF) signal, and describe the development status of Ranging-Mode (R-Mode) system using Medium Frequency (MF) and Very High Frequency (VHF) to meet the Harbor Entrances and Approaches (HEA) requirement of International Maritime Organization (IMO) within 10m position accuracy. Furthermore, we present an architecture for integrated service of satellite-terrestrial navigation system and future maritime applicable fields. As the core information infrastructure of future navigation for 4th industrial revolution, this paper will be contributed to determining the direction of present and future to provide fail-safe PNT service with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based on the technical enhancement of terrestrial integrated navigation system.

Abstract

This paper addresses on the International technical trends, standards, and development status of terrestrial radionavigation system to provide more accurate and fail-safe Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Information available in maritime navigation environment. We analyze the performance result of pilot service in enhanced Long range navigation (eLoran) testbed environment using Low Frequency (LF) signal, and describe the development status of Ranging-Mode (R-Mode) system using Medium Frequency (MF) and Very High Frequency (VHF) to meet the Harbor Entrances and Approaches (HEA) requirement of International Maritime Organization (IMO) within 10m position accuracy. Furthermore, we present an architecture for integrated service of satellite-terrestrial navigation system and future maritime applicable fields. As the core information infrastructure of future navigation for 4th industrial revolution, this paper will be contributed to determining the direction of present and future to provide fail-safe PNT service with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based on the technical enhancement of terrestrial integrated navigation system.

참고문헌 (20)

  1. Gewies, S, "R-Mode Testbed in the Baltic Sea", Proceedings of the 19th IALA Conference, Incheon (2018)
  2. 한영훈, "NDGNSS 인프라를 활용한 국내 해상 백업 PNT 서비스 연구", 한국항해항만학회지, 43(1), pp.42~48 (2019), 한국항해항만학회[DOI]
  3. Han, Y. -H., "Technology and standardization trends of integrated R-Mode navigation system", 2020 Joint Conference of the Korea Maritime Science and Technology Council, Busan, Republic of Korea, pp.151~152 (2020)
  4. Huot, C., "Study for a Resilient Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) Backup Solution in Canada", Proceedings of the 31st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2018), pp.1806~1816 (2018)
  5. "The technical approach to establish a maritime eLoran service, Edition 1.0" (2017)[URL]
  6. "VDES R-Mode, Edition 1.0" (2020)[URL]
  7. "GNSS vulnerability and mitigation measures" (2012)[URL]
  8. "The performance and monitoring of eLoran service in the frequency band 90-110kHz, Edition 1.1" (2017)[URL]
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  10. "IMO resolution A.915(22), Revised Maritime Policy and Requirements for a Future GNSS" (2001)[URL]
  11. ITU, "Technical characteristics of differential transmissions for global navigation satellite systems from maritime radio beacons in the frequency band 283.5-315 kHz in Region 1 and 285-325 kHz in Regions 2 and 3, International Telecommunication Union, Recommendation M.823-3", ~ (2006)
  12. Feasibility Study of R-Mode combining MF DGNSS, AIS, and eLoran Transmissions, "Johnson, G", German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, ~ (2014)
  13. Kim, W., "First Demonstration of the Korean eLoran Accuracy in a Narrow Waterway Using Improved ASF Maps", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 58, pp.1492~1496 (2021)[DOI]
  14. Lázaro, F., "VDES R-Mode: Vulnerability analysis and mitigation concepts", International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, pp.1~17 (2021)[DOI]
  15. "National Maritime PNT Office"[URL]
  16. "R-Mode Baltic"[URL]
  17. RTCM, "RTCM Recommended Standards for Differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Service", Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services, ~ (2010)
  18. Pyo-Woong Son, "Compensation Method of eLoran Signal`s Propagation Delay and Performance Assessment in the Field Experiment", Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing, 11(1), pp.23~28 (2022), 사단법인 항법시스템학회[DOI]
  19. Son, P. -W., "eLoran: Resilient Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Infrastructure in Maritime Areas", IEEE Access, 8, pp.193708~193716 (2020)[DOI]
  20. Zheng, K., "Positioning Error Analysis of Ranging-Mode Using AIS Signals in China", Journal of Sensors (2016)[DOI]

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