미국 산업재해보상보험법에 있어서 질병에 대한 업무상 판단
The Judge of Occupational Disease in the Workers’ Compensation Law of U.S.
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초록
노동은 근로자가 생활을 유지하는 수단이면서 인격을 실현시키는 수단이다. 노동이 이와 같이 인간의 생활에 중요한 요소임에도 불구하고 근로자가 부상이나 질병을당하였을 경우 다시 노동을 제공하지 못하는 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 특히 직업병의경우 장기간 그리고 서서히 나타나기 때문에 질병의 발생원인을 규명하기가 어렵다. 질병의 원인이 밝혀지지 않는 경우에 근로자는 산재법상 보호를 받지 못하는 경우가발생한다. 이에 미국에서는 근로자의 업무상 질병에 대한 판단을 어떻게 하는가를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 왜냐하면 미국은 과학과 의학이 발달하였기 때문에 질병의 원인을 밝히는데 있어서 유리할 뿐만 아니라 사용자의 권한이 어느 나라보다 강한 나라에서 업무상으로 판정된 질병은 사회국가를 추구하는 우리나라에도 당연히 적용되어야 한다고생각할 수 있기 때문이다. 이에 우선 미국의 산재제도의 특징과 업무상 판단에 관한 이론을 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 이론이 실제의 사건에서 어떻게 적용되었는지를 판례를 통해서 알아보았다. 그리고 마지막으로 미국과 우리나라와의 차이점을 서술하였다.
Abstract
Since the inception of workers’ compensation legislation, there have been difficultiesin fixing and defining the boundaries of coverage. To be covered by the workers’compensation act, An illness has to be characteristic of an employee’s occupation thathas to be one that “arises out of and in the course of the employment. Especially, Occupational disease is primarily distinguishable from an injury because itis not characterized by the suddenness or unexpectedness that usually accompanies awork-related injury or accident. Therefore, occupational disease don’t require the conditionthat it has to occur in the course of the employment. To prove the disease that hasto arises out of the employment, following theory is used: proxiamte cause, peculiarsk, increased risk, acual risk and positional risk. Diseases could be classified into four categories:occupational disease, ordinary diseaseof life, disease arisen out of the injury, pre-existing disease aggravated by employment. I studied that these theories are applied to the cases classfied according to the types ofdisease. Finally I indicated the difference between the institution of workers’ compensationact in korea and that in America.
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