Environmental Factors Affecting the Abundance and Presence of Tree Species in a Tropical Lowland Limestone and Non-limestone Forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The effect of environmental variables on the presence and abundance of tree species in a tropical lowland undisturbed limestone and non-limestone forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam was investigated. The relationships between 13 environmental variables and 29 tree species with a DBH ≥10 cm, as well as between six 6 physical variables with 26 species of seedling and sapling communities were assessed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Data concerning all tree species ≥10 cm DBH were collected from eighteen 400 m2 sample plots, while the abundance of regeneration (all individuals ≤5 cm DBH) was counted in fifty 2x20 m strip-plots. The significance of species-environments correlations were tested by distribution-free Monte Carlo tests. The CCA of the 29 examined tree species and 13 environmental variables indicated that the presence and abundance of the tree species were closely related to topographic factors. We may confirm that soil properties including pH, soil moisture content, and soil textures, were the most crucial factor in tree species composition and their distribution. Several species including Pometia pinnata, Amesiodendron chinense, Gironniera cuspidate, Cinnamomum mairei, and Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis were not controlled by soil properties and topographic variables. The CCA also indicated that the abundance of regeneration tree species at all sites had positive and significant correlations with soil depth, while the occurrence of several other tree species (such as Koilodepas longifolium and Aglaia dasyclada) was positively correlated with a higher slope and rocky outcrop.
Abstract
The effect of environmental variables on the presence and abundance of tree species in a tropical lowland undisturbed limestone and non-limestone forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam was investigated. The relationships between 13 environmental variables and 29 tree species with a DBH ≥10 cm, as well as between six 6 physical variables with 26 species of seedling and sapling communities were assessed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Data concerning all tree species ≥10 cm DBH were collected from eighteen 400 m2 sample plots, while the abundance of regeneration (all individuals ≤5 cm DBH) was counted in fifty 2x20 m strip-plots. The significance of species-environments correlations were tested by distribution-free Monte Carlo tests. The CCA of the 29 examined tree species and 13 environmental variables indicated that the presence and abundance of the tree species were closely related to topographic factors. We may confirm that soil properties including pH, soil moisture content, and soil textures, were the most crucial factor in tree species composition and their distribution. Several species including Pometia pinnata, Amesiodendron chinense, Gironniera cuspidate, Cinnamomum mairei, and Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis were not controlled by soil properties and topographic variables. The CCA also indicated that the abundance of regeneration tree species at all sites had positive and significant correlations with soil depth, while the occurrence of several other tree species (such as Koilodepas longifolium and Aglaia dasyclada) was positively correlated with a higher slope and rocky outcrop.
참고문헌 (59)
- Abd El-Ghani MM, "Environmental correlates of species distribution in arid desert ecosystems of eastern Egypt", Journal of Arid Environments, 38, pp.297~313 (1998)
- Amezaga I, "Grazing intensity, aspect, and slope effects on limestone grassland structure", Rangeland Ecology & Management, 57, pp.606~ (2004)
- Anru L, "Relationships between environment and spatial pattern of vegetation types in the mid tianshan mountains", Acta Phytoecological Sinica, 25, pp.385~391 (2001)
- Arekhi S, "Vegetation-Environmental relationships and ecological species groups of the ilam oak forest landscape, Iran", Caspian J Env Sci, 8, pp.115~125 (2010)
- Asanok L, "Relationships between functional traits and the ability of forest tree species to reestablish in secondary forest and enrichment plantations in the uplands of northern Thailand", For Ecol Manage, 296, pp.9~23 (2013)
- Chahouki MAZ, "Distribution of vegetation type according to edaphic properties and topography in Iran", Pol J Environ Stud, 21, pp.1071~1077 (2012)
- Chiarucci A, "A test of vegetation-environment relationship in serpentine soils of Tuscany, Italy", Ecological Research, 16, pp.627~639 (2001)
- Clark DB, "Edaphic variation and the mesoscale distribution of tree species in a neotropical rain forest", Journal of Ecology, 86, pp.101~112 (1998)
- Denslow JS, "Variation in stand structure, light and seedling abundance across a tropical moist forest chronosequence, Panama", Journal of Vegetation Science, 11, pp.201~212 (2000)
- Eilu G, "Density and species diversity of trees in four tropical forests of the Albertine rift, western Uganda", Diversity & Distributions, 10, pp.303~312 (2004)
- El-Ghani MMA, "Soil-vegetation relationships in a coastal desert plain of southern Sinai, Egypt", Journal of Arid Environments, 55, pp.607~628 (2003)
- Enright NJ, "Desert vegetation and vegetation-environment relationships in Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan", Journal of Arid Environments, 61, pp.397~418 (2005)
- FAO, "Guidelines for soil description", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ~ (2006)
- Felfili JM, "Dynamics of the natural regeneration in the Gama gallery forest in central Brazil", Forest Ecology and Management, 91, pp.235~245 (1997)
- Figueroa-Rangel BL, "Regeneration patterns in relation to canopy species composition and site variables in mixed oak forests in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico", Ecological Research, 15, pp.249~261 (2000)
- Guisan A, "Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology", Ecological Modelling, 135, pp.147~186 (2000)
- Hardwick K, "Forest restoration for wildlife conservation", pp.165~179 (2000), International Tropical Timber Organisation
- He MZ, "Environmental factors affecting vegetation composition in the Alxa Plateau, China", Journal of Arid Environments, 69, pp.473~489 (2007)
- Hejcmanova-Nezerková P, "A canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)of the vegetation and environment relationships in Sudanese savannah, Senegal", South African Journal of Botany, 72, pp.256~262 (2006)
- Hoang VS, "Plant biodiversity in Ben En National Park, Vietnam" (2008), Agricultural Publishing House
- Hoang VS, "Human and environmental influences on plant diversity and composition in Ben En National Park, Vietnam", Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 23, pp.328~337 (2011)
- Huang KY, "Evaluation of the topographic sheltering effects on the spatial pattern of Taiwan fir using aerial photography and GIS", International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23, pp.2051~2069 (2002)
- Jabeen T, "Multivariate analysis of environmental and vegetation data of Ayub National Park Rawalpindi", Soil &Environment, 28, pp.106~112 (2009)
- Jha CS, "Composition and dynamics of dry tropical forest in relation to soil texture", Journal of Vegetation Science, 1, pp.609~614 (1990)
- Jones MM, "Effects of mesoscale environmental heterogeneity and dispersal limitation on floristic variation in rain forest ferns", Journal of Ecology, 94, pp.181~195 (2006)
- Kebede M, "Vegetation structural characteristics and topographic factors in the remnant moist Afromontane forest of Wondo Genet, south central Ethiopia", Journal of Forestry Research, 24, pp.419~430 (2013)
- Kelly BJ, "Causes of the species-area relation : a study of islands in lake Manapouri, New Zealand", Journal of Ecology, 77, pp.1021~1028 (1989)
- Kiianmaa S, "Natural regeneration and ecological succession in Pinus kesiya watershed plantations in northern Thailand: implications for plantation management", 석사, pp.2005
- Kulla L, "Analysis of natural regeneration in declining spruce forests on the Slovak part of the Beskydy Mts", Beskydy, 2, pp.51~62 (2009)
- Lan G, "Topography related spatial distribution of dominant tree species in a tropical seasonal rain forest in China", Forest Ecology and Management, 262, pp.1507~1513 (2011)
- Lu XT, "Structure, tree species diversity and composition of tropical seasonal rainforests in Xishuangbanna, South-West China", Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 22, pp.260~270 (2010)
- Lyon J, "Correspondence analysis of functional groups in a riparian landscape", Plant Ecology, 164, pp.171~183 (2003)
- Madsen P, "Natural regeneration of beech(Fagus sylvatica L. )with respect to canopy density, soil moisture and soil carbon content", Forest Ecology and Management, 97, pp.95~105 (1997)
- Marimon BS, "Environmental determinants for natural regeneration of gallery forest at the Cerrado", Amazonia boundaries in Brazil, 2010, pp.40, 107~118
- Merkle J, "An analysis of the plant communities of Mary's peak, Western Oregon", Ecology, 32, pp.618~640 (1951)
- Mohtashamnia S, "Multivariate analysis of rangeland vegetation in relation to edaphical and physiographical factors", Procedia Environmental Sciences, 7, pp.305~310 (2011)
- Montes F, "The effect of stand structure on the regeneration of Scots Pine stands. Forest Biometry", Modelling and Information Sciences, 1, pp.1~9 (2007)
- Nirmal Kumar JI, "Forest structure, diversity and soil properties in a dry tropical forest in Rajasthan, Western India", Annals of Forest Research, 54, pp.89~98 (2011)
- Omeja P, "Regeneration, density and size class distribution of tree species used for drum making in central Uganda", African journal of ecology, 42, pp.129~136 (2004)
- Ozcelik R, "Tree species diversity and its relationship to stand parameters and geomorphology features in the eastern Black sea region forests of Turkey", Journal of environmental biology, 29, pp.291~298 (2008)
- Park A, "Natural regeneration and environmental relationships of tree species in logging gaps in a Bolivian tropical forest", Forest Ecology and Management, 217, pp.147~157 (2005)
- Pärtel M, "Conservation of Northern European plant diversity : the correspondence with soil pH", Biological Conservation, 120, pp.525~531 (2004)
- Peng W, "Relationships between woody plants and environmental factors in karst mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaf forest, southwest China. Journal of Food", Agriculture & Environment, 10, pp.890~896 (2012)
- Pinto JRR, "Influence of soile and topography on the composition of a tree community in a central Brazilian valley forest", Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 62, pp.69~90 (2005)
- Rana CS, "Forest community structure and composition along an elevational gradient of parshuram kund area in lohit district of arunachal pradesh, India", Nature and Science, 1, pp.44~52 (2009)
- Sharma CM, "Species richness and diversity along an altitudinal gradient in moist temperate forest of Himalya", Joural of American Science, 5, pp.119~128 (2009)
- Silva D, "Does natural regeneration determine the limit of European beech distribution under climatic stress?", Forest Ecology and Management, 266, pp.263~272 (2012)
- Souza JP, "Influence of soil fertility on the distribution of tree species in a deciduous forest in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil", Plant Ecology, 191, pp.253~263 (2007)
- Sternberg M, "Influence of slope aspect on Mediterranean woody formations : comparison of a semiarid and an arid site in Israel", Ecological Research, 16, pp.335~345 (2001)
- Suratman MN, "Stand structure and species diversity of Keniam forest, Pahang National Park", Science and Social Research (CSSR), 2010 International Conference on, pp.766~771 (2010)
- Swamy PS, "Plant species diversity and tree population structure of a humid tropical forest in Tamil Nadu, India", Biodiversity &Conservation, 9, pp.1643~1669 (2000)
- Tavili A, "CCA application for vegetation-environment relationships evaluation in arid environments(southern Khorasan rangelands)", Desert, 14, pp.101~111 (2009)
- Tesfaye G, "Regeneration of fourteen tree species in Harenna forest, southeastern Ethiopia", Flora -Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 197, pp.461~474 (2002)
- Topoliantz S, "Influence of site conditions on the survival of Fagus sylvatica seedlings in an old-growth beech forest", Journal of Vegetation Science, 11, pp.369~374 (2000)
- Valencia R, "Tree species distributions and local habitat variation in the Amazon : large forest plot in eastern Ecuador", Journal of Ecology, 92, pp.214~229 (2004)
- Xu L, "Desert vegetation patterns at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains: The role of soil conditions", Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 201, pp.44~50 (2006)
- Zhang H, "Vegetation-environment relationships between northern slope of Karlik Mountain and Naomaohu Basin, East Tianshan Mountains", Chinese Geographical Science, 22, pp.288~301 (2012)
- Zhang JT, "Diversity and composition of plant functional groups in mountain forests of the Lishan Nature Reserve, North China", Botanical Studies, 48, pp.339~348 (2007)
- Zhang JT, "Ecological relations between forest communities and environmental variables in the Lishan Mountain Nature Reserve, China", African journal of Agricultural Rresearch, 6, pp.248~259 (2011)