2011년 인도 서벵갈 주의회선거와 좌파전선집권 34년의 종식
West Bengal Assembly Elections 2001 in India and The End of 34 Years of Left Front Rule
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본 연구는 인도 서벵갈 좌파전선의 34년 집권을 종식시킨 2011년 서벵갈 주의회 선거를 분석하고 있다. 이 연구는 좌파전선의 핵심 패배 요인을 2000년대 중반부터 실시된 인도 주의회 선거의 결과를 좌우한 3대 중요 변수에서 찾고 있다. 즉, 개발전략 문제, 거버넌스 문제, 지도자 브랜드 파워 요소에 집중하고 있다. 분석결과 2011년 서벵갈 주의회 선거에서도 이들 3대 변수들이 중요하게 작용했다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 서벵갈 좌파전선이 새롭게 민중들의 지지를 받으려면 주민들의 참여성을 높이고 정책결정의 투명성을 높이는 방향으로 정당 조직을 운영해 나가야 할 것이다. 또한 좌파전선은 죠띠 바수와 부다데브 바따차리아를 이을 대중적 지지기반이 탄탄한 새로운 지도자를 육성해야 할 것이다. 무엇보다 좌파전선이 고민해야 될 문제는 농촌개발과 공업과 도시개발 사이에서 우왕좌왕하는 딜레마 상황에서 빠져나올 새로운 개발전략을 수립해야 할 것이다. 그렇지 않으면 인도의 좌파전선은 뻔잡(Punjab)지방에서 쇠퇴한 것처럼 서벵갈에서도 더욱 쇠퇴하여 영향력 없는 지역군소 정당으로 남을 가능성이 있다.
Abstract
This study analyses West Bengal assembly elections 2001 ending the 34 years of Left Front rule in the state. This paper attempts to find out the key factors in defeating the Left Front in the elections from the 3 major variables which have decided the results of state assembly elections in India since the mid-2000s. It, namely, focuses on issues of development strategy, governance and leader's brand power. The study shows that these three variables significantly contributed to the defeat of the Left Front in West Bengal elections 2001. Therefore, the Left Front in West Bengal has to make constant efforts to improve people’s participation and transparent process for policy decision making in their organizations, if it wants to regain people's support in the state. Further, the Front must foster a new leader with a strong base of people's support who can succeed Jyoti Basu and Buddhadev Bhattacharya. Above all, the Front has to concern a new development strategy which can overcome dilemma situation between rural development and industrial and urban development. Otherwise, the Left Front will decline further in West Bengal as it was in Punjab and be remained as a regional party in India.
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