통역사의 기억력 측정
Measuring Interpreters’ Memory — An Empirical Research on Interpreting Competence —
3
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines the special features of the memory system of professional interpreters on the base of psychological and neurological findings and attempts to measure those features experimentally. Previous studies on the memory of interpreters have been based on the presumption that interpreters have greater memory capacity than non-interpreters. The results of those studies did not, however, always confirm that presumption (Padilla 1995, Chincotta & Underwood 1998, Liu et.al. 2004, Köpke et.al. 2006, Nordet & Voegtlin 1998). In this paper, we modified the premise of the previous studies and designed our experiment in the following way. (1) Not only Capacity, but also construction and retrieval of memory are measured. Both process and product of memory usage are thereby important to define the interpreters' expertise in memory more accurately (speed and accuracy of memory construction and retrieval, i.e. effectiveness of memory usage). (2) The semantic memory ('sense' memory) as well as phonological memory of interpreters were tested under the premise that the excellence of the interpreters' memory lies in the constructing sense, not memorizing of lists of words. In this experiment 51 subjects (29 undergraduate students, 14 students of graduate school of interpretation, 8 professional interpreters) were tested in their capacity, construction and retrieval of memory. In memory capacity, professionals scored lower than the control groups in phonological memory test, but higher in the semantic test. Professionals also yielded better results in the accuracy of semantic memory retrieval than the control groups. Both results were statistically significant.
Abstract
This paper examines the special features of the memory system of professional interpreters on the base of psychological and neurological findings and attempts to measure those features experimentally. Previous studies on the memory of interpreters have been based on the presumption that interpreters have greater memory capacity than non-interpreters. The results of those studies did not, however, always confirm that presumption (Padilla 1995, Chincotta & Underwood 1998, Liu et.al. 2004, Köpke et.al. 2006, Nordet & Voegtlin 1998). In this paper, we modified the premise of the previous studies and designed our experiment in the following way. (1) Not only Capacity, but also construction and retrieval of memory are measured. Both process and product of memory usage are thereby important to define the interpreters' expertise in memory more accurately (speed and accuracy of memory construction and retrieval, i.e. effectiveness of memory usage). (2) The semantic memory ('sense' memory) as well as phonological memory of interpreters were tested under the premise that the excellence of the interpreters' memory lies in the constructing sense, not memorizing of lists of words. In this experiment 51 subjects (29 undergraduate students, 14 students of graduate school of interpretation, 8 professional interpreters) were tested in their capacity, construction and retrieval of memory. In memory capacity, professionals scored lower than the control groups in phonological memory test, but higher in the semantic test. Professionals also yielded better results in the accuracy of semantic memory retrieval than the control groups. Both results were statistically significant.
참고문헌 (22)
- 이미경, "수행기억과 동시통역과정에서의 정보처리의 차이", 번역학연구, 12(1), pp.167~189 (2011), 한국번역학회
- 정혜연, "통역에 대한 다섯 가지 가설 - 인지 및 신경심리학적 관점에서 -", 통번역학연구, 16(1), pp.145~175 (2012), 통번역연구소
- 정혜연, "통역사의 기억능력 - 인지심리학적 관점에서 -", 통번역학연구, 18(1), pp.161~179 (2014), 통번역연구소
- 정혜연, "‘메시지’ 측정 —텍스트 및 인지언어학적 접근—", 번역학연구, 13(4), pp.185~209 (2012), 한국번역학회
- Bajo, Maria Teresa, "Comprehension processes in simultaneous interpreting, Translation in context", pp.127~142 (2000), John Benjamins
- Chincotta, Dino, "Non temporal determinants of bilingual memory capacity: The role of long-term representations and fluency", Language and Cognition, 1, pp.117~130 (1998)
- Christoffels, Ingrid, K, "Memory and language skills in simultaneous interpreters: The role of expertise and language proficiency", Journal of Memory and Language, 54, pp.324~345 (2006)
- Craik, Fergus A. M, "Levels of Processing: A Framework for Memory Research", Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior, 11, pp.671~684 (1972)
- Elliot, Lise, "우리아이 머리에선 무슨 일이 일어나고 있을까 (What's going on in there?)" (2006), 궁리
- Köpke, Barbara, "Methodological aspects of working memory assessment in simultaneous interpreters", International Journal of Bilingualism, 16(2), pp.183~197 (2011)
- Köpke, Barbara, "Working Memory performance in expert and novice interpreters", Interpreting, 8(1), pp.1~23 (2006)
- Lambert, Sylvie, "Recall and recognition among conference interpreters, in transfer and translation, Language Learning and Teaching. RELC Anthology Series", pp.206~220 (1983), Singapore University Press
- Liu Minhua, "Working memory and expertise in simultaneous interpreting", Interpreting, 6(1), pp.19~42 (2004)
- Miller, George A, "The magical number seven plus or minus two", Psychological Review, 63, pp.81~97 (1956)
- Mizuno, Akira, "Process Model for Simultaneous Interpreting and Working Memory", Meta, 50(2), pp.739~752 (2005)
- Neubauer Aljioscha C, "Genetic and Environmental Influence on Two measures of Speed of Information Processing and Their Relation to Psychometric Intelligence", Intelligence, 28(4), pp.267~289 (2000)
- Noppeney, Uta, "Retrieval of abstract semantics", NeuroImage, 22(1), pp.164~170 (2004)
- Nordet, Lilian, "Les tests d'aptitude pour l'interprétation de conférence. La mémoire. Mémoire pour l'obtention du Diplôme de Traducteur" (1998), Université de Genève
- Padilla, Presentación, "Procesos de memoria y atención en la interpretación de lenguas", 박사, pp.1995
- Saito, Satoru, "On the nature of forgetting and the processing storage relationship in reading span performance", Journal of Memory and Language, 50, pp.425~443 (2004)
- Seleskovitch, Danica, "국제회의 통역에의 초대 (Interpreting for International Conferences)" (2002), 한국문화사
- Tompson-Schill, Sahron, L, "Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition", pp.149~190 (2006), The MIT Press