복합운송규정의 개정과 과제
Revision of Multimodal Transportation Law and Some Problems
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In these days, the freight is generalized the multimodal transportation characterized by 'the door to door through transportation using container'. Therefore, the need for the legislation of nationwide level on multimodal transportation can be found in practical demand for improvement legal stability between consignor and carrier. This dissertation examines the problems of international convention and present law, and then considered legal issues focusing amendment bill suggested by government. First, the limit of liability of freight forwarder is set in accordance with international convention and business practice, such as FIATA B/L. But in case of the main multimodal transportation section are composed by air or land transportation, beside marine, it is needed to adjust the limit of liability of freight forwarder for the sake of protecting the consignor. Second, To the liability of actual carrier or independent contractor, as a performing party of freight forwarder, it is needed to provide Himalaya clause that enables to claim the limit of liability of freight forwarder like business practice. If the provision of limit of liability of freight forwarder is enacted to enforce international regulation, it is suggested that its intent has to be specified in that provision to avoid an interpretation dispute. Third, given rapidly changing environment of transportation, there is need to modify land transportation provisions under present「COMMERCIAL CODE」. For example, it requires further examination on the need to introduce liability limit of land carrier like Commercial law in Germany.
Abstract
In these days, the freight is generalized the multimodal transportation characterized by 'the door to door through transportation using container'. Therefore, the need for the legislation of nationwide level on multimodal transportation can be found in practical demand for improvement legal stability between consignor and carrier. This dissertation examines the problems of international convention and present law, and then considered legal issues focusing amendment bill suggested by government. First, the limit of liability of freight forwarder is set in accordance with international convention and business practice, such as FIATA B/L. But in case of the main multimodal transportation section are composed by air or land transportation, beside marine, it is needed to adjust the limit of liability of freight forwarder for the sake of protecting the consignor. Second, To the liability of actual carrier or independent contractor, as a performing party of freight forwarder, it is needed to provide Himalaya clause that enables to claim the limit of liability of freight forwarder like business practice. If the provision of limit of liability of freight forwarder is enacted to enforce international regulation, it is suggested that its intent has to be specified in that provision to avoid an interpretation dispute. Third, given rapidly changing environment of transportation, there is need to modify land transportation provisions under present「COMMERCIAL CODE」. For example, it requires further examination on the need to introduce liability limit of land carrier like Commercial law in Germany.
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