본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Directional asymmetry in nasalization: a perceptual account

정선우
한국음운론학회 (The Phonology-Morphology Circle of Korea)|2012.12|음성음운형태론연구 (Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology)|제18권 제3호|pp. 437-469|DOI 10.17959/sppm.2012.18.3.437

1

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

assimilationnasalizationcoarticulationperceptual asymmetry
주제분류언어학

초록

In this paper, I conduct a typological study on contextual vowel nasalization to elucidate the directional asymmetry involved in the process. I show that carryover nasalization is the default and extensive form of phonetic coarticulation in many languages and that it often exceeds the degree of anticipatory nasalization as coarticulation. On the other hand, I also show that anticipatory nasalization occurs more frequently than carryover nasalization as a phonological assimilation process. Consequently, I conclude that the relevant directional asymmetry in contextual vowel nasalization does not involve one direction of nasalization having absolute ascendency over the other, but rather involves each direction of nasalization having different kinds of ascendancies at different levels of grammar. This mismatch between phonetic and phonological tendencies in contextual vowel nasalization is claimed to arise due to an asymmetry in perception: anticipatory nasalization is more easily perceived than carryover nasalization, rendering the extensive degree of anticipatory coarticulation unstable in nature. Therefore, languages will either opt to suppress anticipatory coarticulation below a certain threshold or opt to phonologize it into a more stable assimilation pattern. This perceptual hypothesis is validated by the result of an AXB perception experiment which shows that anticipatory coarticulation is more easily perceived than carryover coarticulation.

Abstract

In this paper, I conduct a typological study on contextual vowel nasalization to elucidate the directional asymmetry involved in the process. I show that carryover nasalization is the default and extensive form of phonetic coarticulation in many languages and that it often exceeds the degree of anticipatory nasalization as coarticulation. On the other hand, I also show that anticipatory nasalization occurs more frequently than carryover nasalization as a phonological assimilation process. Consequently, I conclude that the relevant directional asymmetry in contextual vowel nasalization does not involve one direction of nasalization having absolute ascendency over the other, but rather involves each direction of nasalization having different kinds of ascendancies at different levels of grammar. This mismatch between phonetic and phonological tendencies in contextual vowel nasalization is claimed to arise due to an asymmetry in perception: anticipatory nasalization is more easily perceived than carryover nasalization, rendering the extensive degree of anticipatory coarticulation unstable in nature. Therefore, languages will either opt to suppress anticipatory coarticulation below a certain threshold or opt to phonologize it into a more stable assimilation pattern. This perceptual hypothesis is validated by the result of an AXB perception experiment which shows that anticipatory coarticulation is more easily perceived than carryover coarticulation.

참고문헌 (55)

  1. BEDDOR, PATRICE S., "Nasals and nasalization: The relation between segmental and coarticulatory timing", Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 16, pp.249~254 (2007)
  2. BEDDOR, PATRICE S., "A Coarticulatory Path to Sound Change", Language, 85(4), pp.785~821 (2009)
  3. BEDDOR, PATRICE S., "Perception of prenasalized stops", Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 15, pp.407~410 (2003)
  4. BHAT, D. N. S., "Two studies on nasalization", Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, pp.333~352 (1975), Stanford University Press
  5. BLUST, ROBERT, "Nasals and nasalization in Borneo", Oceanic Linguistics, 36(1), pp.149~179 (1997)
  6. CHEN, MATTHEW Y., "Nasals and Nasalization in the History of Chinese", 박사, pp.1973
  7. CHEN, MATTHEW Y., "Denasalization in Korean: A search for universals", Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, pp.125~131 (1975), Stanford University Press
  8. CHEN, MATTHEW Y., "Sound change: Actuation and implementation", Language, 51(2), pp.255~281 (1975)
  9. CHEN, NANCY F., "Vowel nasalization in American English: Acoustic Variability due to Phonetic Context", Congress of Phonetic Sciences (2007)
  10. CLUMECK, HAROLD, "A cross-linguistic investigation of vowel nasalization: an instrumental study", Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, pp.133~152 (1975), Stanford University Press
  11. Phonetic rules of nasalization in French, "COHN, ABIGAIL C.", UCLA, 60~67, pp.UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 69 (1988)
  12. COHN, ABIGAIL C., "Phonetic and Phonological Rules of Nasalization", 박사, pp.1990
  13. COHN, ABIGAIL C., "Nasalisation in English: Phonology or phonetics", Phonology, 10, pp.43~81 (1993)
  14. "COHN, ABIGAIL C.", Cornell Phonetics Laboratory, 141~203, pp.Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory 8 (1993)
  15. DELVAUX, VÉRONIQUE, "Contrôle et Connaissance Phonétique: Les Voyelles Nasales du Français", 박사, pp.2003
  16. DELVAUX, VÉRONIQUE, "Perception du contraste de nasalité vocalique en français", Journal of French Language Studies, 19(1), pp.25~59 (2009)
  17. DELVAUX, VÉRONIQUE, "The aerodynamics of nasalization in French", Journal of Phonetics, 36(4), pp.578~606 (2008)
  18. DIAKOUMAKOU, EVANTHIA, "Coarticulatory Vowel Nasalization in Modern Greek", 박사, pp.2004
  19. FARNETANI, EDDA, "A pilot study of the articulation of", n, Journées d’Etudes sur la Parole, pp.1986, 15e[DOI]
  20. FLEGE, JAMES E., "Anticipatory and carryover nasal coarticulation in the speech of children and adults", Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 31, pp.525~536 (1988)
  21. FLEMMING, EDWARD, "Scalar and categorical phenomena in a unified model of phonetics and phonology", Phonology, 18, pp.7~44 (2001)
  22. FLEMMING, EDWARD, "Contrast and perceptual distinctiveness, In Phonetically based Phonology", pp.1~64 (2004), Cambridge University Press
  23. FOWLER, CAROL A., "Perceptual parsing of acoustic consequences of velum lowering from information for vowels", Perception & Psychophysics, 62(1), pp.21~32 (2000)
  24. HADEN, ERNEST F., "Nasal vowel phonemes in French", Lingua, 13, pp.62~69 (1964)
  25. HAJEK, JOHN, "Old French nasalization and universals of sound change", Journal of French language studies, 3, pp.145~164 (1993)
  26. HAJEK, JOHN, "Universals of sound change in nasalization" (1997), Blackwell Publishing
  27. Timing of contextual nasalization in two languages, "HUFFMAN, MARIE K.", UCLA, 68~76, pp.UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 69 (1988)
  28. HYMAN, LARRY M., "Nupe three years later", Language, 49(2), pp.447~452 (1973)
  29. HYMAN, LARRY M., "Nasal states and nasal processes", Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, pp.249~264 (1975), Stanford University Press
  30. JOHNSON, KEITH, "Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics" (2003), Blackwell
  31. KAGER, RENÉ, "Optimality Theory" (1999), Cambridge University Press
  32. KAWASAKI, HARUKO., "Phonetic explanation for phonological universals: the case of distinctive vowel nasalization, In Experimental Phonology", pp.81~103 (1986), Academic Press
  33. Nonsegmental influences on velum movement patterns: Syllables, sentences, stress, and speaking rate, "KRAKOW, RENA A.", Haskins Laboratories, 31~48, pp.Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research SR-117 (1994), 118
  34. LINDBLOM, BJÖRN, "Phonetic universals in vowel systems, In Experimental Phonology", pp.13~44 (1986), Academic Press
  35. MAEDA, SHINJI, "Acoustics of vowel nasalization and articulatory shifts in French nasal vowels, In Phonetics and Phonology, Volume 5: Nasals Nasalization and the Velum", pp.147~166 (1993), Academic Press
  36. MALÉCOT, ANDRÉ, "Vowel nasality as a distinctive feature in American English", Language, 36(2), pp.222~229 (1960)
  37. MEDEIROS, BEATRIZ RAPOSO DE, "Nasal coda and vowel nasality in Brazilian Portuguese", Proceedings of the Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Romance Phonology, 5, pp.33~45 (2011)
  38. OHALA, JOHN J., "Phonetic explanations for nasal sound patterns", Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, pp.289~316 (1975), Stanford University Press
  39. OHALA, JOHN J., "The phonetics of sound change, In Historical Linguistics: Problems and Perspectives", pp.237~278 (1993), Longman
  40. OHALA, MANJARI, "Nasals and nasalization in Hindi", pp.317~332 (1975), Stanford University Press
  41. ONSUWAN, CHUTAMANEE, "Temporal Relations between Consonants and Vowels in Thai Syllables", 박사, pp.2003
  42. PIGGOTT, GLYNE L., "Theoretical implications of segment neutrality in nasal harmony", Phonology, 20(3), pp.375~424 (2003)
  43. QUICOLI, A. CARLOS, "Harmony, lowering and nasalization in Brazilian Portuguese", Lingua, 80, pp.295~331 (1990)
  44. RUHLEN, MERRITT, "Nasal vowels, In Universals of Human Language, Volume 2: Phonology", pp.87~103 (1978), Stanford University Press
  45. SCHOURUP, LAWRENCE C., "A Cross Language Study of Vowel Nasalization", 박사, pp.1972
  46. SCHOUTEN, M. E. H., "Vowel segments in consonantal context: a spectral study of coarticulation", Journal of Phonetics, 7(1), pp.1~23 (1979)
  47. SOLÉ, MARIA-JOSEP, "Phonetic and phonological processes: The case of nasalization", Language and Speech, 35(1), pp.29~43 (1992)
  48. SPEARS, ABBY, "Nasal Coarticulation in the French Vowel", i, 박사, pp.University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill[DOI]
  49. STERIADE, DONCA, "The phonology of perceptibility effects: the Pmap and its consequences for constraint organization, In The Nature of the Word", pp.151~179 (2008), MIT Press
  50. STEVENS, KENNETH N., "Acoustic Phonetics" (2000), MIT Press
  51. TRIGO FERRE, "The Phonological Derivation and Behavior of Nasal Glides", 박사, pp.1988
  52. USHIJIMA, T., "Electromyographic study of the velum during speech", Journal of Phonetics, 2, pp.315~326 (1974)
  53. WALKER, RACHEL, "Reinterpreting transparency in nasal harmony, In The Phonological Spectrum 1", pp.37~72 (2003), John Benjamins Publishing
  54. WRIGHT, JAMES T., "The behavior of nasalized vowels in the perceptual vowel space, In Experimental Phonology", pp.45~65 (1986), Academic Press
  55. ZELLOU, GEORGIA E., "Similarity and Enhancement: Nasality from Moroccan Arabic Pharyngeals and Nasals", 박사, pp.2012

관련 논문AI추천

Laryngeal metathesis as perceptual optimization윤태진한국음운론학회 · 음성음운형태론연구2012 · 제18권 제3호The effects of consonant contact constraints and syllable structure on speech perception in Korean assimilation contexts성은경한국음운론학회 · 음성음운형태론연구2018 · 제24권 제2호Compensation for phonological assimilation: Obstruent nasalization and coronal place assimilation성은경한국현대언어학회 · 언어연구2018 · 제35권 제1호The influence of speech perception on French nasal vowel adaptation in Korean and English박예슬, 서미선한국음운론학회 · 음성음운형태론연구2011 · 제17권 제3호A perception-based analysis of voice onset time (VOT) dissimilation in Korean강희조, 오미라한국음성학회 · 말소리와 음성과학2024 · 제16권 제1호An articulatory study of vowel assimilation and V-to-V coarticulation윤관희한국음운론학회 · 음성음운형태론연구2008 · 제14권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (4건)

Identity avoidance and speaker preference in Korean안영란pp. 397-412Laryngeal metathesis as perceptual optimization윤태진pp. 413-435Palatalization and depalatalization in computer-mediated Korean within the framework of Optimality Theory탁진영pp. 471-490The relative perceptual easiness between perceptually assimilated vowels for university-level Korean learners of American English and measurement bias in an identification test홍순현pp. 491-511
원문 보기