Vowel harmony in Korean verbs
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Abstract
This study presents an analysis of the vowel harmony in Korean verbs. Both regular and irregular verbs are examined and the harmony process is characterized as follows. First, a general lowering harmony applies to the following initial vowel of the connective suffix. Second, the lowness is considered to behave differently with respect to the round vowels: that is, the high vowel [u] takes relatively less ‘low’ [] suffix whereas the mid [o] takes more ‘low’ [a] suffix. Third, the final glide [w] in irregular verbs makes the stems take the [] suffix except the case of [o] in the monosyllabic stem. To account for the harmony phenomena, three MATCH constraints are proposed. The constraints do not require the shared linkage of spread features, thus making the harmony in the Korean verbs a case of choosing the suffix with either [±LOW] feature value. A general MATCH constraint makes the stem final vowel agree with the suffix vowel in its [LOW] feature value. More specific MATCH constraint is suggested for the stems with round vowels that match with the suffix vowel according to their relative lowness. The irregular verb stems ending in [w] correspond with the adjacent non-low suffix [] by another special MATCH constraint.
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