On the evolution of the laryngeal contrasts in Korean
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This paper discusses how the laryngeal contrasts have evolved in the history of the Korean language, with respect to the motivations and the constraint interactions. I first treat the emergence of tense consonants as lengthening of duration as well as segmental loss. For this, I argue that the overall emergence has evolved from an alignment constraint to the effect that a fortified edge be aligned with a certain edge, signaling a loss of an extra consonant. Here I employ the “geminate hypothesis” (Ahn & Iverson 2004) in providing various pieces of evidence to support this claim, such as tonal characteristics, ideolectal/dialectal variations, and loanword adaptation, etc. As for the emergence of the aspirated series, I examine if there are certain phonetic or phonological constraints, suppressing velar aspiration, while favoring coronal aspiration, which seems to show the markedness hierarchy. I, however, demonstrate that the markedness hierarchy does not play any role in the restricted distribution of the velar aspirates as the emergence pattern can be better explained in terms of the functional overlap between the existing /h/ and a possible velar aspirate. I thus claim that the overall process of the emergence of aspiration can be effectively described within the framework of Dispersion Theory as the overall consequence is obtained by the pattern evaluation of the adjacent segments. Finally, I show that the overall change should be described by dividing it into (at least) three historical stages in which each stage requires a different constraint ranking accounting for its change more properly.
Abstract
This paper discusses how the laryngeal contrasts have evolved in the history of the Korean language, with respect to the motivations and the constraint interactions. I first treat the emergence of tense consonants as lengthening of duration as well as segmental loss. For this, I argue that the overall emergence has evolved from an alignment constraint to the effect that a fortified edge be aligned with a certain edge, signaling a loss of an extra consonant. Here I employ the “geminate hypothesis” (Ahn & Iverson 2004) in providing various pieces of evidence to support this claim, such as tonal characteristics, ideolectal/dialectal variations, and loanword adaptation, etc. As for the emergence of the aspirated series, I examine if there are certain phonetic or phonological constraints, suppressing velar aspiration, while favoring coronal aspiration, which seems to show the markedness hierarchy. I, however, demonstrate that the markedness hierarchy does not play any role in the restricted distribution of the velar aspirates as the emergence pattern can be better explained in terms of the functional overlap between the existing /h/ and a possible velar aspirate. I thus claim that the overall process of the emergence of aspiration can be effectively described within the framework of Dispersion Theory as the overall consequence is obtained by the pattern evaluation of the adjacent segments. Finally, I show that the overall change should be described by dividing it into (at least) three historical stages in which each stage requires a different constraint ranking accounting for its change more properly.
참고문헌 (44)
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