Effects of Long-term Use of Depo-medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Lipid Metabolism in Nepalese Women
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Various synthetic progestogens that are used as contraceptives have been reported to influence lipid and lipoprotein fractions differently. Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), a synthetic progestogen, is used by Nepalese women as a contraceptive agent. Our study aims to determine the effects of long-term use of DMPA on lipid metabolism. We performed this study on 60 healthy Nepalese women who had been using DMPA for more than 2 yr and age- and weight-matched control subjects who were not using hormonal contraceptives. Fasting blood samples were collected from the subjects for the estimation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were estimated using the Friedewald’s equation. TC and LDL-C levels in DMPA users were significantly higher than those in non-users. Our study concluded that DMPA use induces lipid metabolism changes that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract
Various synthetic progestogens that are used as contraceptives have been reported to influence lipid and lipoprotein fractions differently. Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), a synthetic progestogen, is used by Nepalese women as a contraceptive agent. Our study aims to determine the effects of long-term use of DMPA on lipid metabolism. We performed this study on 60 healthy Nepalese women who had been using DMPA for more than 2 yr and age- and weight-matched control subjects who were not using hormonal contraceptives. Fasting blood samples were collected from the subjects for the estimation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were estimated using the Friedewald’s equation. TC and LDL-C levels in DMPA users were significantly higher than those in non-users. Our study concluded that DMPA use induces lipid metabolism changes that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
참고문헌 (17)
- Kupperman HS, "Medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of constitutional sexual precocity", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 22, pp.456~458 (1962)
- Laron Z, "Effects of 17 alpha hydroxy-6alpha- methylprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) on urinary gonadotrophins and oestrogens in man", Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 44, pp.75~80 (1963)
- Grönroos M, "Effect of high dose progestin on serum lipids", Atherosclerosis, 47, pp.101~105 (1983)
- Fahmy K, "Effect of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate on coagulation factors and serum lipids in Egyptian women", Contraception, 44, pp.431~444 (1991)
- Garza-Flores J, "Long-term effects of depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate on lipoprotein metabolism", Contraception, 44, pp.61~71 (1991)
- Faddah LM, "Oxidative stress, lipid profile and liver functions in average Egyptian long term depo medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) users", Molecules, 10, pp.1145~1152 (2005)
- Kaunitz AM, "Long-acting injectable contraception with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate", Am J Obstet Gynecol, 170, pp.1543~1549 (1994)
- Deeg R, "Kinetic enzymic method for automated determination of total cholesterol in serum", Clin Chem, 29, pp.1798~1802 (1983)
- Bucolo G, "Quantitative determination of serum triglycerides by the use of enzymes", Clin Chem, 19, pp.476~482 (1973)
- Assmann G, "Quantification of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol by precipitation with phosphotungstic acid", MgCl2, 1983, pp.29, 2026~2030
- Friedewald WT, "Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge", Clin Chem, 18, pp.499~502 (1972)
- Godsland IF, "The effects of different formulations of oral contraceptive agents on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism", N Engl J Med, 323, pp.1375~1381 (1990)
- Kongsayreepong R, "A multicentre comparative study of serum lipids and apolipoproteins in long-term users of DMPA and a control group of IUD users. World Health Organization. Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction", Contraception, 47, pp.177~191 (1993)
- Mostafavi H, "A comparative analysis of three methods of contraception: Effects on blood glucose and serum lipid profiles", Ann Saudi Med, 19, pp.8~11 (1999)
- Fajumi JO, "Alterations in blood lipids and side effects induced by depo-provera in Nigerian women", Contraception, 27, pp.161~175 (1983)
- Enk L, "A prospective, one-year study on the effects of two long acting injectable contraceptives (depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone oenanthate) on serum and lipoprotein lipids", Horm Metab Res, 24, pp.85~89 (1992)
- Miller NE, "The Tromso heart-study. High-density lipoprotein and coronary heart-disease: a prospective case-control study", Lancet, 1, pp.965~968 (1977)