Epidemiological Characterizations of Class 1 Integrons from Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Isolates in Daejeon, Korea
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Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. acquire antimicrobial agent- resistance genes via class 1 integrons. In this study, integrons were characterized to inves- tigate the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of MDR Acinetobacter isolates. In addi- tion, the relationship between the integron type and integron-harboring bacterial species was analyzed by using epidemiological typing methods. Methods: Fifty-six MDR Acinetobacter spp.- A. baumannii (N=30), A. bereziniae (N=4), A. nosocomialis (N=5), and A. pittii (N=17)-were isolated. The minimum inhibitory con- centrations (MICs) were determined on the basis of the results of the Epsilometer test (Etest). PCR and DNA sequencing was performed to characterize the gene cassette arrays of class 1 integrons. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and repetitive extragenic palin- dromic sequence (REP)-PCR were performed for epidemiological typing. Results: Class 1 integrons were detected in 50 (89.3%) of the 56 isolates, but no class 2 or 3 integron was found within the cohorts. The class 1 integrons were classified into 4 types: 2.3-kb type A ( aacA4 - catB8 - aadA1 ), 3.0-kb type B ( aacA4 - blaI MP-1 - bla OXA-2 ), 3.0-kb type C ( bla VIM-2 - aacA7 - aadA1 ), and 1.8-kb type D ( aac3 - 1 - bla OXA-2 - orfD ). Type A was most prevalent and was detected only in A. baumannii isolates, except for one A. bereziniae isolate; however, type B was amplified in all Acinetobacter isolates except for A. bauman- nii isolates, regardless of clone and separation time of the bacteria. Conclusions: Although class 1 integron can be transferred horizontally between unrelated isolates belonging to different species, certain types of class 1 integrons tend to transfer horizontally and vertically among A. baumannii or non- baumannii Acinetobacter isolates.
Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. acquire antimicrobial agent- resistance genes via class 1 integrons. In this study, integrons were characterized to inves- tigate the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of MDR Acinetobacter isolates. In addi- tion, the relationship between the integron type and integron-harboring bacterial species was analyzed by using epidemiological typing methods. Methods: Fifty-six MDR Acinetobacter spp.- A. baumannii (N=30), A. bereziniae (N=4), A. nosocomialis (N=5), and A. pittii (N=17)-were isolated. The minimum inhibitory con- centrations (MICs) were determined on the basis of the results of the Epsilometer test (Etest). PCR and DNA sequencing was performed to characterize the gene cassette arrays of class 1 integrons. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and repetitive extragenic palin- dromic sequence (REP)-PCR were performed for epidemiological typing. Results: Class 1 integrons were detected in 50 (89.3%) of the 56 isolates, but no class 2 or 3 integron was found within the cohorts. The class 1 integrons were classified into 4 types: 2.3-kb type A ( aacA4 - catB8 - aadA1 ), 3.0-kb type B ( aacA4 - blaI MP-1 - bla OXA-2 ), 3.0-kb type C ( bla VIM-2 - aacA7 - aadA1 ), and 1.8-kb type D ( aac3 - 1 - bla OXA-2 - orfD ). Type A was most prevalent and was detected only in A. baumannii isolates, except for one A. bereziniae isolate; however, type B was amplified in all Acinetobacter isolates except for A. bauman- nii isolates, regardless of clone and separation time of the bacteria. Conclusions: Although class 1 integron can be transferred horizontally between unrelated isolates belonging to different species, certain types of class 1 integrons tend to transfer horizontally and vertically among A. baumannii or non- baumannii Acinetobacter isolates.
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