Solanum macrocarpon L.: Nutritional value, bioactive compounds, and applications in food and medicine
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Solanum macrocarpon L., a prominent Solanaceae plant from tropical and subtropical regions, holds significant ecological and medicinal value. This review systematically synthesizes current scientific understanding of its chemical composition, biological activities, and potential applications. S. macrocarpon is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals. This plant also contains diverse bioactive compounds, including tannins, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones, and steroids, with many beneficial phytochemicals showing higher concentrations in the leaves. These compounds underpin its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and stress- relieving properties, alongside promising roles in diabetes, obesity, blood pressure regulation, and potential against cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Crucially, the presence of glycoalkaloids poses toxicity concerns, necessitating further research into safe levels and effective detoxification. Future directions emphasize rigorous research into glycoalkaloid management (levels and detoxification methods) and expanding applications beyond traditional uses for sustainable development in food and pharmaceutical industries, ultimately enhancing public health.
Abstract
Solanum macrocarpon L., a prominent Solanaceae plant from tropical and subtropical regions, holds significant ecological and medicinal value. This review systematically synthesizes current scientific understanding of its chemical composition, biological activities, and potential applications. S. macrocarpon is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals. This plant also contains diverse bioactive compounds, including tannins, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones, and steroids, with many beneficial phytochemicals showing higher concentrations in the leaves. These compounds underpin its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and stress- relieving properties, alongside promising roles in diabetes, obesity, blood pressure regulation, and potential against cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Crucially, the presence of glycoalkaloids poses toxicity concerns, necessitating further research into safe levels and effective detoxification. Future directions emphasize rigorous research into glycoalkaloid management (levels and detoxification methods) and expanding applications beyond traditional uses for sustainable development in food and pharmaceutical industries, ultimately enhancing public health.