Evaluation of Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Cytokine Levels in Patients with Cannabis Use Disorder
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Objective: Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world and it has several adverse effects such as anxiety, panic reactions and psychotic symptoms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate oxidant, anti-oxidant status and cytokine levels in individuals with cannabis use disorder. Methods: Thirty-four patients with cannabis use disorder and 34 healthy controls were enrolled to the study. Serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and cytokine levels were investigated in patients with cannabis use disorder and healthy controls. Results: We found increased levels of total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in individuals with cannabis dependency compared to healthy people. When we compared total antioxidant status, IL-12, and interferon (IFN) levels, there were no differences in both groups. There was positive correlation between IL-6 and total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels. Conclusion: The oxidative balance of individuals with cannabis use disorder was impaired and they had higher levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-, which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and indicates increased inflammation compared to healthy controls. Thus, these findings suggest that cannabis increased inflammation and impaired the oxidative balance.
Abstract
Objective: Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world and it has several adverse effects such as anxiety, panic reactions and psychotic symptoms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate oxidant, anti-oxidant status and cytokine levels in individuals with cannabis use disorder. Methods: Thirty-four patients with cannabis use disorder and 34 healthy controls were enrolled to the study. Serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and cytokine levels were investigated in patients with cannabis use disorder and healthy controls. Results: We found increased levels of total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in individuals with cannabis dependency compared to healthy people. When we compared total antioxidant status, IL-12, and interferon (IFN) levels, there were no differences in both groups. There was positive correlation between IL-6 and total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels. Conclusion: The oxidative balance of individuals with cannabis use disorder was impaired and they had higher levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-, which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and indicates increased inflammation compared to healthy controls. Thus, these findings suggest that cannabis increased inflammation and impaired the oxidative balance.
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