흡연 여부에 따른 혈중 비타민 A, C, E, 코엔자임 Q10 및 요중 코티닌 농도
Concentrations of Blood Vitamin A, C, E, Coenzyme Q10 and Urine Cotinine Related to Cigarette Smoking Exposure
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배경 : 담배연기의 직접흡연은 악성종양뿐만 아니라 만성폐 질환, 심혈관질환 등을 유발하며, 간접흡연 역시 발암물질로 규 정되어 그 임상적 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 본 연구는 비흡연자 및 흡연자의 혈중 비타민 A, C, E (α-, β- 및 γ-토코페롤), 코 엔자임 Q10 및 요중 코티닌 농도를 측정하였다. 방법 : 건강한 비흡연군 21명 및 흡연군 24명을 대상으로 하 였다. 흡연력은 설문조사를 통하여 파악하였다. 공복상태에서 혈액을 채취한 후 비타민 A, C 및 E는 혈청을, 코엔자임 Q10은 혈장을 이용하여 HPLC (Agilent Technologies Inc., USA)로 분석하였고, 요중 코티닌 농도는 무작위 소변 검체를 수집하여 LC/tandem mass spectrometry (Applied Biosystems Inc., Canada)로 분석하였다. 결과 : 혈청 비타민 C 농도는 흡연군이 비흡연군보다 통계학 적으로 유의하게 낮았다(P=0.0005). 혈중 비타민 A, E 및 코엔 자임 Q10 농도는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 흡연군의 요 중 코티닌 농도는 1,454±903 ng/mL로 높았고, 비흡연군 중 요중 코티닌이 검출된 경우는 76.2% (16/21명)로 3.25±4.08 ng/mL였다. 요중 코티닌과 혈중 항산화 물질 농도 간의 상관 성은 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 흡연력과 혈중 항산화 물질 및 요 중 코티닌 농도 간의 상관성도 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : 흡연군은 비효소계 항산화 물질 즉, 혈중 비타민 A, C, E 및 코엔자임 Q10 가운데 비타민 C 농도가 유의하게 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 비흡연군에서 요중 코티닌의 높은 검출률은 간접 흡연의 심각성을 보여주는 것으로, 간접 흡연에 대한 체계 적인 관리와 대책이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
Background : In smokers, smoking causes many disease entities including cancers, chronic pulmonary diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Passive smoking is also accepted as a carcinogen and its adverse health effects are emphasized. We measured blood vitamin A, C, E (α-, β- and γ- tocopherol), coenzyme Q10 and urine cotinine concentrations in nonsmokers and smokers. Methods : Twenty-one healthy nonsmokers and 24 healthy smokers were included in this study. Smoking status was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire. Plasma was analyzed for coenzyme Q10 and serum for vitamin A, C, E using HPLC (Agilent Technologies Inc., USA) and random urine for cotinine using LC/tandem mass spectrometry (Applied Biosystems Inc., Canada). Results : Smokers had significantly lower serum concentrations of vitamin C than nonsmokers (P=0.0005). No significant differences in concentrations of serum vitamin A, E, and plasma coenzyme Q10 were observed. Smokers had highly elevated urine cotinine levels (1,454±903 ng/mL). In 16 (76.2%) of 21 nonsmokers, urine cotinine was detected (3.25±4.08 ng/mL). The correlations between urine cotinine and blood antioxidants levels were not found. Neither, the correlation between smoking status and blood antioxidants & urine cotinine was found. Conclusions : This study shows that smokers had significantly lower vitamin C levels among nonenzymatic antioxidants, namely, vitamin A, C, E and coenzyme Q10. High detection rate of urine cotinine in nonsmokers show the seriousness of passive smoking exposure, therefore more social efforts should be directed to reduce passive smoking exposure.
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