Evaluation of Temperament and Character Features as Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome
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Background and Purpose Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep-related movement disorder that is frequently associated with psychological disturbances. Personality traitsare of considerable importance with respect to coping with chronic illness and disease vulnerability. This study assessed the temperament and character traits of RLS patients using an approach that involves the psychobiological model of personality. Methods The personality features of 65 newly diagnosed and untreated RLS patients with noneurological or psychiatric diseases and 109 healthy controls were determined using the Temperament and Character Inventory and compared using covariance analyses. The InternationalRLS Study Group Severity Scale was used to assess the severity of the RLS symptoms, and theBeck Depression Inventory was used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Results RLS patients scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the temperamentdimension of harm avoidance (HA, p=0.02) and significantly lower on self-directedness (SD,p=0.001). No significant difference was observed in terms of the temperament dimension ofnovelty seeking (p=0.435). HA scores were significantly correlated with the BDI score but notwith the RLS severity or duration. Conclusions High HA and low SD scores are the main characterizing personality features ofRLS patients. These personality dimensions may be among the factors predisposing patients todevelopment of the depressive symptoms that are frequently associated with RLS.
Abstract
Background and Purpose Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep-related movement disorder that is frequently associated with psychological disturbances. Personality traitsare of considerable importance with respect to coping with chronic illness and disease vulnerability. This study assessed the temperament and character traits of RLS patients using an approach that involves the psychobiological model of personality. Methods The personality features of 65 newly diagnosed and untreated RLS patients with noneurological or psychiatric diseases and 109 healthy controls were determined using the Temperament and Character Inventory and compared using covariance analyses. The InternationalRLS Study Group Severity Scale was used to assess the severity of the RLS symptoms, and theBeck Depression Inventory was used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Results RLS patients scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the temperamentdimension of harm avoidance (HA, p=0.02) and significantly lower on self-directedness (SD,p=0.001). No significant difference was observed in terms of the temperament dimension ofnovelty seeking (p=0.435). HA scores were significantly correlated with the BDI score but notwith the RLS severity or duration. Conclusions High HA and low SD scores are the main characterizing personality features ofRLS patients. These personality dimensions may be among the factors predisposing patients todevelopment of the depressive symptoms that are frequently associated with RLS.
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