Isolation and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. as Neglected Parasites in North of Iran
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba, is widely distributed in the environment, water sources, soil, dust, and air. It can cause keratitis in contact lens wearers with poor hygiene and also fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of this study was to gain some insights into the distribution and genotypes of the potentially pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba present in water sources in north of Iran. Total 43 Acanthamoeba species were isolated from 77 water samples taken from different water sources within the Mazandaran province in Northern Iran (Sari city and suburbs). Isolates were identified based on cyst and trophozoite morphological characteristics as well genetics. PCR fragments corresponding to the small-subunit 18S rRNA gene were sequenced for 20 of 43 positive isolates. The results revealed that 83.3% of sequenced isolates belonged to the T4 genotype and the rest belonged to the T2 genotype. Our results indicated that Acanthamoeba is widely distributed in Sari city. As the incidence in Iran of amoebic keratitis has increased in recent years, the exact estimation of the prevalence of this amoeba and its predominant genotype may play a crucial role in prevention of the disease. Sari city has several rivers, seashores, and natural recreational amenities, which attract visitors during the year. This is the first report of Acanthamoeba genotypes from water sources in Sari city, Mazandaran province of Iran, and the results suggest that more attention is needed to protect the visiting population and immunocompromised individuals.
Abstract
Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba, is widely distributed in the environment, water sources, soil, dust, and air. It can cause keratitis in contact lens wearers with poor hygiene and also fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of this study was to gain some insights into the distribution and genotypes of the potentially pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba present in water sources in north of Iran. Total 43 Acanthamoeba species were isolated from 77 water samples taken from different water sources within the Mazandaran province in Northern Iran (Sari city and suburbs). Isolates were identified based on cyst and trophozoite morphological characteristics as well genetics. PCR fragments corresponding to the small-subunit 18S rRNA gene were sequenced for 20 of 43 positive isolates. The results revealed that 83.3% of sequenced isolates belonged to the T4 genotype and the rest belonged to the T2 genotype. Our results indicated that Acanthamoeba is widely distributed in Sari city. As the incidence in Iran of amoebic keratitis has increased in recent years, the exact estimation of the prevalence of this amoeba and its predominant genotype may play a crucial role in prevention of the disease. Sari city has several rivers, seashores, and natural recreational amenities, which attract visitors during the year. This is the first report of Acanthamoeba genotypes from water sources in Sari city, Mazandaran province of Iran, and the results suggest that more attention is needed to protect the visiting population and immunocompromised individuals.
참고문헌 (29)
- Kuk S, "Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated from Kayseri well water", Turk J Med Sci, 43, pp.1~6 (2013)
- Seon Hee Choi, "Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Domestic Tap Water in Korea", The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 47(4), pp.337~344 (2009), 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회
- Khan NA, "Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health", FEMS Microbiol Rev, 30, pp.564~595 (2006)
- Lorenzo-Morales J, "Acanthamoeba keratitis: an emerging disease gathering importance worldwide?", Trends Parasitol, 29, pp.181~187 (2012)
- Shoff ME, "Prevalence of Acanthamoeba and other naked amoebae in South Florida domestic water", J Water Health, 6, pp.99~104 (2008)
- Verani JR, "National outbreak of Acanthamoeba keratitis associated with use of a contact lens solution, United States", Emerg Infect Dis, 15, pp.1236~1242 (2009)
- Siddiqui R, "Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba", Parasit Vectors, 5, pp.1~13 (2012)
- Kilic A, "Isolation of Acanthamoeba isolates belonging to T2, T3, T4 and T7 genotypes from environmental samples in Ankara, Turkey", Acta Parasitol, 49, pp.246~252 (2004)
- Maghsood AH, "Contact lens-associated Acanthamoeba keratitis in Iran", Iran J Public Health, 34, pp.40~47 (2005)
- Duarte AG, "Disseminated acanthamoebiasis after lung transplantation", J Heart Lung Transplant, 25, pp.237~241 (2006)
- Masaharu Tokoro, "Genetic Characterization of Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates from Japan using Nuclear and Mitochondrial Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA", The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 51(4), pp.401~411 (2013), 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회
- Duarte JL, "Morphological, genotypic, and physiological characterization of Acanthamoeba isolates from keratitis patients and the domestic environment in Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil", Exp Parasitol, 135, pp.9~14 (2013)
- Lasjerdi Z, "Potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae isolated from hospital wards with immunodeficient patients in Tehran, Iran", Parasitol Res, 109, pp.575~580 (2011)
- Yousuf FA, "Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype is a potential environmental host for Enterobacter aerogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila", Parasit Vectors, 6, pp.1~8 (2013)
- Greub G, "Microorganisms resistant to free-living amoebae", Clin Microbiol Rev, pp.413~433 (2004)
- Pussard M, "Morphologie de la paroi kystiqueet taxonomie du genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa, Amoebida)", Protistologica, 8, pp.557~598 (1977)
- Nazar M, "Genotyping of Acanthamoeba isolated from water in recreational areas of Tehran, Iran", J Water Health, 9, pp.603~608 (2011)
- Niyyati M, "Genotyping of Acanthamoeba isolates from clinical and environmental specimens in Iran", Exp Parasitol, 121, pp.242~245 (2009)
- 정해진, "The role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases in Korea", The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 43(2), pp.1~13 (2005), 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회
- Marciano-Cabral F, "Free-living amoebae, Legionella and Mycobacterium in tap water supplied by a municipal drinking water utility in the USA", J Water Health, 8, pp.71~82 (2010)
- Sharma R, "Coinfection with Acanthamoeba and Pseudomonas in contact lens-associated keratitis", Optom Vis Sci, 90, pp.53~55 (2013)
- Rezeaian M, "Amoebic keratitis in Iran (1997-2007)", Iran J Parasitol, 2, pp.1~6 (2007)
- Visvesvara GS, "Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri and Sappinia diploidea", FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 50, pp.1~26 (2007)
- Badirzadeh A, "Isolation of free-living amoebae from Sarein hot springs in Ardebil Province, Iran", Iran J Parasitol, 6, pp.1~8 (2011)
- Rezaeian M, "Isolation of Acanthamoeba spp. from different environmental sources", Iran J Parasitol, 3, pp.44~47 (2008)
- Bagheri HR, "Isolation of Acanthamoeba spp. from drinking waters in several hospitals of Iran", Iran J Parasitol, 5, pp.19~25 (2010)
- Niyyati M, "Molecular identification and sequencing of mannose binding protein(MBP)gene of Acanthamoeba palestinensis", Iran J Parasitol, 5, pp.1~5 (2010)
- Rahdar M, "Isolation and genotyping of Acanthamoeba strains from environmental sources in Ahvaz City, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iran", Iran J Parasitol, 7, pp.22~26 (2012)
- Landell MF, "Isolation and genotyping of free-living environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. from bromeliads in Southern Brazil", Exp Parasitol, 134, pp.290~294 (2013)