Pinworm Infection at Salmon Ruins and Aztec Ruins: Relation to Pueblo III Regional Violence
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The study of coprolites has been a theme of archaeology in the American Southwest. A feature of archaeoparasitology on the Colorado Plateau is the ubiquity of pinworm infection. As a crowd parasite, this ubiquity signals varying concentrations of populations. Our recent analysis of coprolite deposits from 2 sites revealed the highest prevalence of infection ever recorded for the region. For Salmon Ruins, the deposits date from AD 1140 to 1280. For Aztec Ruins, the samples can be dated by artifact association between AD 1182-1253. Both sites can be placed in the Ancestral Pueblo III occupation (AD 1100-1300), which included a period of cultural stress associated with warfare. Although neither of these sites show evidence of warfare, they are typical of large, defensible towns that survived this time of threat by virtue of large populations in stonewalled villages with easily accessible water. We hypothesize that the concentration of large numbers of people promoted pinworm infection and, therefore, explains the phenomenal levels of infection at these sites.
Abstract
The study of coprolites has been a theme of archaeology in the American Southwest. A feature of archaeoparasitology on the Colorado Plateau is the ubiquity of pinworm infection. As a crowd parasite, this ubiquity signals varying concentrations of populations. Our recent analysis of coprolite deposits from 2 sites revealed the highest prevalence of infection ever recorded for the region. For Salmon Ruins, the deposits date from AD 1140 to 1280. For Aztec Ruins, the samples can be dated by artifact association between AD 1182-1253. Both sites can be placed in the Ancestral Pueblo III occupation (AD 1100-1300), which included a period of cultural stress associated with warfare. Although neither of these sites show evidence of warfare, they are typical of large, defensible towns that survived this time of threat by virtue of large populations in stonewalled villages with easily accessible water. We hypothesize that the concentration of large numbers of people promoted pinworm infection and, therefore, explains the phenomenal levels of infection at these sites.
참고문헌 (19)
- Camacho M, "Pinworm research in the Southwest USA: five decades of methodological and theoretical development and the epidemiological approach", Archaeol Anthropol Sci (2019)
- Karl J Reinhard, "Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Enterobius vermicularis (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) in the Prehistoric Americas", Parasites, Hosts and Diseases, 54(5), pp.591~603 (2016), 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회
- Camacho M, "Taphonomic considerations on pinworm prevalence in three Ancestral Puebloan latrines", J Archaeol Sci Rep, 20, pp.791~798 (2018)
- Adler MA, "Ancestral Pueblo population aggregation and abandonment in the North American Southwest", J World Prehist, 10, pp.375~438 (1996)
- Haas J, "The Prehistoric Pueblo World, A.D. 1150-1350", pp.205~213 (1996), University of Arizona Press
- Kenzle SC, "Enclosing walls in the Northern San Juan : sociophysical boundaries and defensive fortifications in the American Southwest", J Field Archaeol, 24, pp.195~210 (1997)
- LeBlanc SA, "Prehistoric Warfare in the American Southwest", pp.416~ (1999), University of Utah Press
- Kuckelman KA, "Bioarchaeology of Women and Children in Times of War", pp.93~110 (2017), Springer
- Reed PF, "Thirty-Five Years of Archaeological Research at Salmon Ruins, Vol. 1: Introduction, Architecture, Chronology, and Conclusion", pp.285~296 (2006), Center for Desert Archaeology
- Reed PF, "Chaco’s Northern Prodigies Salmon, Aztec, and the Ascendancy of the Middle San Juan Region after AD 1100", pp.42~64 (2008), University of Utah Press
- Reed PF, "Salmon Pueblo: Chacoan Outlier and Thirteenth-Century Middle San Juan Community Center", Archaeol Southwest, 20, pp.1~21 (2006)
- Roberts LS, "Gerald D Schmidt & Larry S Roberts’ Foundations of Parasitology", pp.425~430 (2013), McGraw-Hill International
- Reinhard K, "Imaging Coprolite Taphonomy and Preservation", Archaeol Anthropol Sci, 11, pp.6017~6035 (2019)
- Hulínská D, "Morphogenesis and viability of larvae in the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis", Folia Parasitol, 21, pp.225~232 (1974)
- Reinhard KJ, "Chaco’s Northern Prodigies Salmon, Aztec, and the Ascendancy of the Middle San Juan Region after AD 1100", pp.86~95 (2008), University of Utah Press
- Doyel DE, "Anasazi Regional Organization and The Chaco System", pp.1992
- Martin DL, "Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past", pp.45~75 (1997), Gordon and Breach
- Sobolik KD, "Sex determination of prehistoric human paleofeces", Am J Phys Anthrop, 101, pp.283~290 (1996)
- Sutton M, "Experiments on the determination of gender from coprolites by DNA analysis", J Archaeol Sci, 23, pp.263~267 (1996)