A Machine Learning Approach to Reference Interval Estimation for Red Cell Parameters in a South and East Asian Population
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: Iron deficiency (ID) and hemoglobinopathies are highly prevalent in South- east Asia. Accurate estimation of reference intervals (RIs) for red cell parameters is compli- cated by the need to exclude individuals with these conditions from the reference popula- tion. Indirect RI estimations using machine learning could help overcome these chal- lenges. Methods: We developed a binary classification model using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) to distinguish normal individuals from those with ID, hemoglobinopathies, or other anemias. The model was trained on an annotated dataset comprising 5,520 complete blood count (CBC) results and validated with a holdout dataset of 2,367 CBC results. An independent dataset of 64,100 CBC results was used to identify individuals predicted to be normal, from which RIs were estimated using the refineR algorithm. Results: The XGB model achieved an area under the ROC of 0.97 (95% confidence inter- val: 0.96–0.97) for distinguishing between individuals with normal versus abnormal val- ues. Among individuals within the independent dataset, 40,300 (62.9%) were predicted to be normal. The refineR-based reference limits (RLs) derived from this subset approximated those obtained through a direct approach. Improvements in the accuracy of indirect RL es- timates were most evident for hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red cell concentrations. Conclusions: Combining XGB with refineR to indirectly derive RIs for red cell parameters improved the accuracy and yielded results comparable with those of directly derived RIs. A further benefit was the capacity to generate sex- and age-specific ranges, which has re- mained difficult to achieve through direct approaches.
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency (ID) and hemoglobinopathies are highly prevalent in South- east Asia. Accurate estimation of reference intervals (RIs) for red cell parameters is compli- cated by the need to exclude individuals with these conditions from the reference popula- tion. Indirect RI estimations using machine learning could help overcome these chal- lenges. Methods: We developed a binary classification model using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) to distinguish normal individuals from those with ID, hemoglobinopathies, or other anemias. The model was trained on an annotated dataset comprising 5,520 complete blood count (CBC) results and validated with a holdout dataset of 2,367 CBC results. An independent dataset of 64,100 CBC results was used to identify individuals predicted to be normal, from which RIs were estimated using the refineR algorithm. Results: The XGB model achieved an area under the ROC of 0.97 (95% confidence inter- val: 0.96–0.97) for distinguishing between individuals with normal versus abnormal val- ues. Among individuals within the independent dataset, 40,300 (62.9%) were predicted to be normal. The refineR-based reference limits (RLs) derived from this subset approximated those obtained through a direct approach. Improvements in the accuracy of indirect RL es- timates were most evident for hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red cell concentrations. Conclusions: Combining XGB with refineR to indirectly derive RIs for red cell parameters improved the accuracy and yielded results comparable with those of directly derived RIs. A further benefit was the capacity to generate sex- and age-specific ranges, which has re- mained difficult to achieve through direct approaches.