유아교육 이론을 중심으로 살펴본 유아교육 공간 특성 연구 -몬테소리, 발도르프, 레지오 에밀리아 유아교육 이론과 유아교육 시설 사례를 중심으로

Abstract

Early childhood is a significant period in the human life cycle. The body and perception are developed most actively, then, creativity and sociality are cultivated. Therefor, early childhood facilities need a space environment that an early child can support their development as they spend a lot of time there. This study compares and analyzes the spatial characteristics of early childhood education facilities according to the early childhood education theory and proposes spatial characteristics to be considered in early childhood education facilities. These are the research methods. First, through literature research, three meaningful theories that understand the background and purpose of early childhood education theory and influenced 21st century talent development-Montesori, Waldorf, and Reggio Emilia- are selected. Second, central keywords was derived by analyzing the spatial characteristics of the selected three early childhood education theories. Third, the characteristics of the early childhood education space were summarized by analyzing the cases of early childhood education facilities centering on the derived keywords. As a result, the three early childhood education theories had differences in purpose and spatial characteristics, but they had the following common characteristics. There is an open and continuous spatial characteristic that supports free movement by considering the choice and freedom of early childhood’s development. Early childhood develop their sociability by interacting with children of their age. Therefore, a thread is placed around a large space serving as the center. It develops imagination and creativity by exhibiting children’s creations on architectural elements such as walls, ceilings, and windows. It supports children to experience nature and promotes the physical development of children by constructing a slope. Natural light creates a variety of spatial atmospheres, and soft wood is used for floors and furniture that the child’s body touches. It supports various spatial experiences such as changes in the size and height of various windows and floor height. This study aims to improve the quality of early childhood facilities and expects the expansion of facilities reflecting the above characteristics.