Gap characteristics and natural regeneration in Mt. Makiling rainforest, the Philippines
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of gaps and natural regeneration of trees on Mt. Makiling,the Philippines. Canopy gaps in or around two 1-ha permanent plots and on 3-km line transects were investigated. Most of the gaps studied were formed or affected by Typhoon Milenyo, which hit the study site in September 2006. The most frequent mode of gap maker death was snap-off, whereas uprooting was relatively less important. The most frequent gap maker was balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus) followed by magabuyo (Celtis luzonica) and katmon (Dillenia philippinensis). In contrast, the most frequent gap filler was magabuyo (C. luzonica). At the sapling layer, the most important species was magabuyo (C. luzonica), but there was a high proportion of lianas and palms. Most of the gaps had leaf area index (LAI) values between 3 and 5. A clear trend of a decrease in gap size and an increase in LAI was observed for 2 years from 2007 to 2009. New seedlings emerged very abundantly during the same time period. The rapid changes in the gaps were partially due to the excellent capability of tropical trees to resprout after the crown or stem was damaged by the typhoon. This study on gap dynamics may contribute to a better understanding of the natural regeneration process of trees in tropical rainforests.
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of gaps and natural regeneration of trees on Mt. Makiling,the Philippines. Canopy gaps in or around two 1-ha permanent plots and on 3-km line transects were investigated. Most of the gaps studied were formed or affected by Typhoon Milenyo, which hit the study site in September 2006. The most frequent mode of gap maker death was snap-off, whereas uprooting was relatively less important. The most frequent gap maker was balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus) followed by magabuyo (Celtis luzonica) and katmon (Dillenia philippinensis). In contrast, the most frequent gap filler was magabuyo (C. luzonica). At the sapling layer, the most important species was magabuyo (C. luzonica), but there was a high proportion of lianas and palms. Most of the gaps had leaf area index (LAI) values between 3 and 5. A clear trend of a decrease in gap size and an increase in LAI was observed for 2 years from 2007 to 2009. New seedlings emerged very abundantly during the same time period. The rapid changes in the gaps were partially due to the excellent capability of tropical trees to resprout after the crown or stem was damaged by the typhoon. This study on gap dynamics may contribute to a better understanding of the natural regeneration process of trees in tropical rainforests.
참고문헌 (38)
- ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit, "Restoration of Degraded Forest Ecosystem in the Southeast Asian Tropical Region" (2002), ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit
- Augspurger CK, "Light requirements of neotropical tree seedlings: a comparative study of growth and survival", J Ecol, 72, pp.777~795 (1984)
- Babaasa D, "Gap characteristics and regeneration in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda", Afr J Ecol, 42, pp.217~224 (2004)
- Bellingham PJ, "Landforms influence patterns of hurricane damage: evidence from Jamaican montane forests", Biotropica, 23, pp.427~433 (1991)
- Boose ER, "Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes", Ecol Monogr, 64, pp.369~400 (1994)
- Brokaw NVL, "Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. In: The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics", pp.53~69 (1985), Academic Press
- Brown WH, "Vegetation of Philippine Mountains" (1919), Bureau of Science
- Cho DS, "Disturbance regime and tree regeneration in Kwangneung natural forest", Korean J Ecol, 15, pp.397~403 (1992)
- Clark DA, "Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a neotropical rain forest", Ecol Monogr, 62, pp.315~344 (1992)
- Connell JH, "Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs", Science, 199, pp.1302~1310 (1979)
- Corlett RT, "The Ecology of Tropical East Asia" (2009), Oxford University Press
- Denslow JS, "Gap partitioning among tropical rainforest trees", Biotropica, 12, pp.47~55 (1980)
- De Steven D, "Long-term changes in a Wisconsin Fagus-Acer forest in relation to glaze storm disturbance", J Veg Sci, 2, pp.201~208 (1991)
- Devoe NN, "Regeneration from seed under a range of canopy conditions in tropical wet forest, Puerto Rico. In: The Ecology and Silviculture of Mixed-Species Forests", pp.101~122 (1992), Kluwer Academic
- Fernando ES, "Forest Formations of the Philippines" (2008), ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit
- Fernando ES, "Flowering Plants and Ferns of Mt. Makiling" (2004), ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit
- Foster DR, "Disturbance history, community organization and vegetation dynamics of the old-growth Pisgah Forest, south-western New Hampshire, U.S.A", J Ecol, 76, pp.105~134 (1988)
- Gale N, "Canopy tree mode of death in a western Ecuadorian rain forest", J Trop Ecol, 15, pp.415~436 (1999)
- Gruezo WS, "Floral diversity profile of Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Luzon, Philippines. In: The Condition of Biodiversity Maintenance in Asia: The Policy Linkage between Environmental and Sustainable Development", pp.153~175 (1997), Khon Kaen and East-West Center
- Hartshorn GS, "Neotropical forest dynamics", Biotropica, 12, pp.23~30 (1980)
- Hubbell SP, "Light-gap disturbances, recruitment limitation and tree diversity in a neotropical forest", Science, 283, pp.554~557 (1999)
- Huston MA, "Biological Diversity: The Coexistence of Species on Changing Landscapes" (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Johns JS, "Logging damage during planned and unplanned logging operations in the eastern Amazon", For Ecol Manag, 89, pp.59~77 (1996)
- Lawton RO, "Natural disturbance and gap-phase regeneration in a wind-exposed tropical cloud forest", Ecology, 69, pp.764~777 (1988)
- Lertzman KP, "1992. Patterns of gap-phase replacement in a subalpine, old-growth forest", Ecology, 73, pp.657~669 (1992)
- Luna AC, "The community structure of a logged-over tropical rain forest in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines", J Trop For Sci, 11, pp.446~458 (1999)
- MacDougall A, "The understory light regime and patterns of tree seedlings in tropical riparian forest patches", J Biogeogr, 19, pp.667~675 (1992)
- Montgomery RA, "Forest structure, canopy architecture, and light transmittance in tropical wet forests", Ecology, 82, pp.2707~2718 (2001)
- Pickett STA, "Differential adaptation of tropical tree species to canopy gaps and its role in community dynamics", Trop Ecol, 24, pp.64~84 (1983)
- Popma J, "Pioneer species distribution in treefall gaps in neotropical rain forest: a gap definition and its consequences", J Trop Ecol, 4, pp.77~88 (1988)
- Runkle JR, "Gap regeneration in some old-growth forests of the eastern United States", Ecology, 62, pp.1041~1051 (1981)
- Runkle JR, "Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America", Ecology, 63, pp.1533~1546 (1982)
- Runkle JR, "Changes in southern Appalachian canopy tree gaps sampled thrice", Ecology, 79, pp.1768~1780 (1998)
- Runkle JR, "Sapling diameter growth in gaps for two Nothofagus species in New Zealand", Ecology, 76, pp.2107~2117 (1995)
- Swaine MD, "The dynamics of tree populations in tropical forest: a review", J Trop Ecol, 3, pp.359~366 (1987)
- Uhl C, "Vegetation dynamics in Amazonian treefall gaps", Ecology, 69, pp.751~763 (1988)
- West DC, "Forest Succession: Concepts and Application" (1981), Springer-Verlag
- Whitmore TC, "Canopy gaps and the two major groups of forest trees", Ecology, 70, pp.536~538 (1989)