메주 유래 Enterococcus faecium 균주의 기능적 특성 및 안전성
Technological Characteristics and Safety of Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Meju, a Traditional Korean Fermented Soybean Food
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γ-Aminobutyric acid 생성에 관여하는 glutamate decarboxylase 유전자 gadA/B를 보유한 메주 유래Enterococcus faecium 88균주를 대상으로 기능적 특성 및 안전성 평가를 진행하여 메주 유래 E. faecium의 발효식품용 종균으로써의 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 6% NaCl 농도(w/v)에서 모든 균주의 생장 및 산 생성이 확인되었다. 7% NaCl 농도에서는 21균주(24%)가 낮은 생장을 나타냈으며, 72균주(82%)가 약한 산 생성 활성을 나타냈고, 16균주(18%)는 산생성을 나타내지 않았다. 4% NaCl 농도에서는 모든 균주가단백질 분해 활성을 나타냈지만, 5% NaCl 농도에서 86균주(98%)가 약한 활성을 나타냈고, 1균주(1%)는 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 지방 분해 활성은 모든 균주에서 나타나지 않았다. 모든 균주가 7종의 항생제(ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline, vancomycin)에 대해 획득형 항생제 내성을 나타내지 않았다. Enterococcus 심내막염 항원 유전자 efaA 및 tyramine 생성에 관여하는 tyrosine decarboxylase 유전자 tdc가 메주유래 88균주에서 발견되었지만, 사람 기원 E. faecium 균주가 특이적으로 보유하고 있는 Enterococcus surface protein 유전자 esp는 발견되지 않았다.
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the technological characteristics and safety of 88 Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from meju; the strains possess the glutamate decarboxylase gene gadA/B involved in γ-aminobutyric acid production. The study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of introducing E. faecium meju isolates as food fermentation starters. We observed that a NaCl concentration of 6% (w/v) facilitated the growth and acid production of all strains. At a NaCl concentration of 7%, 21 strains (24%) exhibited a low growth rate, 72 strains (82%) a weak acid production, and 16 strains (18%) showed no acid production. All strains exhibited protease activity at a NaCl concentration of 4%. At a NaCl concentration of 5%, 86 strains exhibited weak activity, and one strain showed no protease activity. We could not detect any lipase activity in the investigated strains. None of the strains exhibited an acquired antibiotic resistance to the seven antibiotics tested in the present study, namely ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline, and vancomycin. We could identify the Enterococcus endocarditis antigen gene efaA and the tyrosine decarboxylase gene tdc contributing to tyramine production, in 88 meju isolates. We could not detect the Enterococcus surface protein gene esp, which is specifically possessed by human-originated E. faecium strains, in any of the 88 strains tested in the study.
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