Cultural Landscape and Ecotourism in Bali Island, Indonesia
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper describes the role of ethnoecology in supporting tourism. We conducted a case study on the island of Bali (Indonesia), the famous tourism destination. We review the culture, nature and ecotourism prospects of Bali and then extend our discussion to examine the role of indigenous philosophies in building the destination’s image. Bali has a rich culture and natural resources that have been utilized and managed through an indigenous philosophy called Tri Hita Karana. Ethnoecology is widely applied and appreciated in the society and has produced Balinese cultural landscapes that have become significant tourism attractions. There has been a recent increase in tourist desire to explore genuine Balinese culture, so ethnoecology has a significant role in the quest to preserve and conserve such indigenous cultural landscapes. Ethnoecology is a key to ensuring and sustaining the images and authenticity of Bali Island. In this paper, we considered the landscape of rice paddies as a cultural landscape and resource for tourism. The structure and function of paddy terrace landscapes is based on the ethnoecology of Tri Hita Karana; therefore, in order to understand nature and ecotourism in Bali Island, knowledge of indigenous philosophy is indispensable. Cultural landscapes that link human and natural systems are not only places of natural beauty but also provide background information about the history of human adaptations to nature.
Abstract
This paper describes the role of ethnoecology in supporting tourism. We conducted a case study on the island of Bali (Indonesia), the famous tourism destination. We review the culture, nature and ecotourism prospects of Bali and then extend our discussion to examine the role of indigenous philosophies in building the destination’s image. Bali has a rich culture and natural resources that have been utilized and managed through an indigenous philosophy called Tri Hita Karana. Ethnoecology is widely applied and appreciated in the society and has produced Balinese cultural landscapes that have become significant tourism attractions. There has been a recent increase in tourist desire to explore genuine Balinese culture, so ethnoecology has a significant role in the quest to preserve and conserve such indigenous cultural landscapes. Ethnoecology is a key to ensuring and sustaining the images and authenticity of Bali Island. In this paper, we considered the landscape of rice paddies as a cultural landscape and resource for tourism. The structure and function of paddy terrace landscapes is based on the ethnoecology of Tri Hita Karana; therefore, in order to understand nature and ecotourism in Bali Island, knowledge of indigenous philosophy is indispensable. Cultural landscapes that link human and natural systems are not only places of natural beauty but also provide background information about the history of human adaptations to nature.
참고문헌 (30)
- Baud-Bovy M, "Tourism and Recreation: Handbook of Planning and Design" (2002), Architectural Press
- Dudley N, "Beyond Belief: Linking Faith and Protected Areas to Support Biodiversity Conservation" (2005), World Wide Fund for Nature
- Dwijendra NKA, "Perumahan dan pemukiman tradisional Bali", J Pemukiman Natah, 1, pp.8~24 (2003)
- Fyall A, "Managing Visitor Attraction: New Directions" (2005), Elsevier
- World Heritages Cultural Landscape 1992-2002, "Fowler PJ", UNESCO World Heritage Centre, ~, pp.World Heritages Paper No. 6 (2002)
- Gunn CA, "Tourism Planning: Basic, Concepts and Cases. 3rd Ed" (2002), Roudledge
- Hakim L, "The cultural landscapes of the Tengger Highland, East Java. In Ecology in Asian Cultural Landscape" (2008), Springer
- Luchman Hakim, "Tourism and Cultural Landscape at the Tengger, East Java,Indonesia: The Implications for Ecotourism Planning", 한국환경생태학회지, 22(3), pp.207~220 (2008), 한국환경생태학회
- Luchman Hakim, "Nature-based Tourism in Small Islands Adjacent to Jakarta City, Indonesia:A case study from Seribu Islands", 한국습지학회지, 9(1), pp.31~46 (2007), 한국습지학회
- Hall CH, "Response to Yeoman et al: The fakery of 'The authentic tourist'", Tour Manage, 28, pp.1139~1140 (2007)
- Hong SK, "Landscape Ecological Applications in Man-Influenced Areas: Linking Man and Nature Systems", pp.535~ (2008), Springer
- Lansing F, "Foucault and the water temple", Critiq Anthrop, 20, pp.309~318 (2000)
- MacCannell D, "Why it never really was about authenticity", Society, 45, pp.334~337 (2008)
- Martin GJ, "Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual" (1995), Chapman and Hall
- Mercer J, "The potential for combining indigenous and western knowledge in reducing vulnerability to environment hazard in small island developing states", Env Haz, 7, pp.245~256 (2007)
- Pamela MA, "Ajeg Bali: Multiple meanings, diverse agendas", Indon Mal Wor, 33, pp.239~255 (2005)
- Pemprov Bali, "Profil Daerah Bali" (2006), Pemerintah Provinsi Bali
- Picard M, "Bali, Pariwisata Budaya dan Budaya Pariwisata" (2006), Kepustakaan Pupuler Gramedia
- Plachter H, "Reconnecting culture and nature. In Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: Components of a Global Strategy", Gustav Fischer in cooperation with UNESCO, 15~18 (1995)
- Prideaux B, "Events in Indonesia: Exploring the limits to formal tourism trends forecasting methods in complex crisis situations", Tour Manage, 24, pp.475~487 (2003)
- Ringer G, "Bali: Balancing environments, economy and culture", Ann Tour Res, 24, pp.485~502 (1997)
- Samadhi TN, "Making cosmo-religious landscape: The design of Balinese town's civic centre (Bali, Indonesia)", Hab Intern, 28, pp.103~122 (2004)
- Siregar M, "Konservasi Tumbuhan Upacara Agama Hindu" (2004), KR Ekakarya Baturiti
- Swarbrooke J, "The Development and Management of Visitor Attractions" (2006), Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann
- TIES, "Ecotourism Statistical Fact Sheet", The International Ecotourism Society, ~ (2000)
- "Tourism Highlights 2007 Editions" (2007)[URL]
- Wang N, "Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience", Ann Tour Res, 26, pp.349~370 (1999)
- Whitten T, "The Ecology of Java and Bali", The Ecology of Indonesia Series, 2 (1996)
- Yeoman I, "Current issue in tourism: The authentic tourist", Tour Manage, 28, pp.1128~1138 (2007)
- Yudantini NM, "Balinese traditional landscape", J Pemukiman Natah, 1, pp.65~80 (2003)