고령자를 대상으로 한 감성평가 기반 소셜로봇 디자인 선호도에 관한 연구
A Study on the Preference of Social Robots Based on Emotional Evaluation for the Elderly
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초록
본 연구는 감성평가 관점에서 고령자의 소셜로봇 선호도를 탐구하고자 하는 목표가 있다. 본 연구는 선행연구 검토를 통하여 소셜로봇의 디자인을 인간형, 동물형, 기계형 3가지 유형으로 분류하였으며, 다양한 디자인의 로봇이 고령자의 감정 경험에 어떻게 작용하는지 정량화하고자 러셀의 이론 모델을 활용하여 설문을 마련하였다. 설문 결과 동물형 디자인 로봇이 고령자에게 가장 선호되었으며, 특히 ‘의기양양한’, ‘신나는’, ‘행복한’과 같은 긍정적 감정의 평가 수치가 상대적으로 높고, ‘긴장한’, ‘무기력한’, ‘우울한’과 같은 부정적 감정의 평가 수치는 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 이어서 고령자의 정서적 경험에 구체적 영향을 미치는 디자인 특성의 선호도를 탐색하기 위해 소셜로봇의 디자인 특성(색채, 외형 디자인, 재질, 사이즈) 기준을 설정하고, 디자인 특성에 따라 고령자의 2차 설문을 실시하여 소셜로봇의 특성에 따른 고령인의 디자인 선호도를 파악하고자 하였다. 2차 설문 결과, 네추럴한 색채, 매끄러운 재질, 사실적 동물 외형, 중간 사이즈와 같은 디자인 특성의 선호도가 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 디자인 특징은 로봇의 전체적인 미관을 돋보이게 할 뿐만 아니라 고령자와 소셜로봇의 정서적 상호관계를 강화하는 한다는 것을 파악하였다. 이로써 본 연구는 두 차례의 설문을 통하여 고령인의 정서적 경험을 근거로 소셜로봇 디자인에 대한 고령인의 감성평가를 수치화하였으며, 고령인의 행복감과 만족감을 높일 수 있는 최적의 소셜로봇 디자인 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 향후 소셜로봇의 설계 및 개발 방향에 유의미한 지침이 되길 기대하며, 궁극적으로 고령자의 심리적, 정서적 안정에 적합한 로봇 제품을 만드는 데 기여하기를 바란다.
Abstract
This study explores elderly people’s preferences for social robots from an emotional evaluation perspective. Through a review of previous research, social robot designs were classified into three types: human-like robot, animal-like robot, and mechanical robot. To quantify how different robot designs affect the emotional experiences of elderly individuals, a survey was conducted using Russell’s theoretical model. The results indicated that animal-like robots were most preferred by the elderly. Notably, these robots received high evaluation scores for positive emotions such as ‘elated,’ ‘excited,’ and ‘happy,’ while scoring low for negative emotions like ‘tense,’ ‘lethargic,’ and ‘depressed.’ To further investigate design characteristics that impact the emotional experiences of the elderly, a second survey was conducted. This survey assessed preferences for appearance design characteristics (color, external design, material, size) of social robots. The findings showed a high preference for natural colors, smooth materials, realistic animal appearances, and medium size. These design features not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of the robots but also improve emotional interactions between the elderly and social robots, thereby strengthening their relationship. Overall, this study quantified the emotional evaluations of elderly individuals regarding social robot design through two surveys, and proposed an optimal design strategy to enhance their happiness and satisfaction. The results offer meaningful guidance for the future design and development of social robots, ultimately contributing to creating products that promote the psychological and emotional well-being of the elderly.
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