동시대 시각예술 작품에 나타난 ‘추’의 미학
The Aesthetics of ‘Ugliness’ in Contemporary Visual Art Works
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 동시대 현대미술에서 나타나는 ‘추’의 미학을 분석하고 이 ‘추’의 미학의 사회적 가능성을 제시하는 것이다. 예술에는 아름다움뿐만 아니라 추함이 공존한다. 19세기 이후부터 예술가들은 작품에서 아름다움을 재현하는 데서 그치지 않고, 오히려 낯설고 불편한 ‘추’의 이미지를 노골적으로 보여준다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 동시대 미술에서 왜 이러한 현상이 나타났는지 ‘추’의 개념과 ‘추’의 관점 변화에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 결국 ‘추’의 부각은 이성과 논리적 사유를 중시하는 이전의 전통에 대한 회의와 반항이며, 아름다움에 대한 의미의 변화와 확장이었다. 나아가 시각예술에 있어서 ‘추’의 미학이 어떻게 전개되었는지 ‘추’의 발전 과정을 살펴본 결과 ‘추’는 현실 고발의 이미지 또는 개인의 내면을 표현하는 도구로 역사적으로 이미 사용되고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 동시대 예술가인 키키 스미스, 로버트 고버, 셰리 레빈 등의 작품이 어떻게 표현되었는지를 먼저 해석한 후, 이들의 작품에 나타나는 ‘추’의 의미를 분석하고자 하였다. 동시대 작품에 표현된 ‘추’의 미학은 부조화와 파괴, 뒤틀림으로 이루어진 ‘추’의 개념을 제시함으로써 사회적 금기에 대항하며 여러 형태의 경계를 없애 결국 갈등을 해소시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 작품 속에 표현된 ‘추’는 부정적인 개념이 아닌 긍정적인 요소로써 활용되고 있었다. 그러므로 겉으로 보이는 것, 아름다운 것만을 추구하는 현대사회에서 ‘추’의 미학이 시사하는 바가 매우 크다고 볼 수 있다. 미는 주관적인 판단에 따라 그 기준이 정해지고, 모든 사람에게 아름답다고 인정받지 못한 그 외의 것들이 모두 부정적인 것만은 아니라는 것이다. 또한 ‘추’를 통하여 우리가 느끼는 불안과 우울과 공포, 그리고 우리의 무의식에 존재하는 트라우마를 극복하고, 공존하는 사회로 나아가는 데 예술이 그 역할을 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetics of ‘ugliness’ appearing in contemporary art and to present the social possibilities of this aesthetic of ugliness. In the past, only beauty and sublimity were considered important. Since the 19th century, however, artists have not avoided depicting ugliness in their works, but rather deliberately expressed and expanded the image of ‘ugliness’ in a bold manner. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate why such a phenomenon appeared in contemporary art, focusing on the concept of ‘ugliness’ and changes in perceptions of ‘ugliness’. Ultimately, this is an inquiry and reflection on the ethical aspects of depicting negative and tragic elements in art, and a change and expansion of meaning regarding ugliness. In contemporary art, it was possible to see that the aesthetics of ‘ugliness’ was already being used historically as a device to express the process of ‘ugliness’ development or to represent the inner side of reality or individuals. Based on this, after first analyzing how the works of contemporary artists such as Kiki Smith, Robert Gober, and Sherrie Levine were represented, I attempted to analyze the meaning of ‘ugliness’ appearing in their works. The aesthetics of ‘ugliness’ expressed in contemporary works presents the concept of ‘ugliness’ as complex and multifaceted, thereby addressing social taboos and ultimately aiming to bring about catharsis despite various forms of discomfort. Furthermore, ‘ugliness’ expressed in the works is functioning not as a negative concept but as a positive element. Therefore, in conclusion, it can be seen that the aesthetics of ‘ugliness’ plays a very important role in contemporary society, which pursues only beautiful things. This is not to say that everything is beautiful according to subjective standards, or that everything not recognized as beautiful by everyone is positive. Also, it was confirmed that art can play a role in creating and sharing trauma and healing through ‘ugliness’, and in criticizing and overcoming the society that exists in our unconscious.
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