渤海의 水路 體系에 관한 試論的 考察 -중국 黑龍江省을 중심으로-

Abstract

This study is based on the recognition that Waterway is not a barrier but a mediator toconnect the inside area with outside area. The Balhae's Waterway System is classified into three zones based on vast wateways andmany historical remains in Heirongjiang Province. The 1st zone is the area surrounded by Jingbo Lake(鏡泊湖) in southern part andJiangdong Great Walls(江東長城) in northern part. This zone took a role as a defense sectortoward trespassers and by this safe system it could establish various kinds of trade systems. Until now, a lot of historical remains has remained in this zone. In other words, this area canbe seemed as a centripetal force spot, so to say, resource and materials-intensive area. Also,this area has kept those resource and materials inherent in t hzeone safely with Sang-gyeongcastle(上京城). The 2nd zone exists within the boundary that is formed following the Jiugongli(九公里),ShIhecaishichang(石河採石場) mountain fortress in the upper of Hailang River(海浪河) toXiasifang(小四方), Liangtai(粮台), Shichengshan(石城山) mountain fortress in the upper oneof Muleng River(穆棱河). This zone is the composite area that can act both of the centripetalforce oriented Sang-gyeong castle and the centrifugal force toward outside world at thesame times. The 3rd zone is the area leading flatland castles to outskirts along the river continually. Unlike the previous two zones mentioned, the mountain fortress for defense and controllingdoesn't exist. But, only flatland castles in the downstream region can be seemed. On theconfluence area and the alluvion in the lower of river, noticeable castles had been formed. Here, centrifugal force is stronger than the centripetal force. Especially in the previous studies, the historical remains of the lower of Mudanjian River(牡丹江) and Wusihun river(烏斯渾河) were regarded as Jin(金)'s. Because we can't find any clear clues to determine whether those historical remains are belonged to Balhae or not. However, this study reconsiders the possibility that those remains were functioning as keypoints of Balhae’s waterway going through Xintangshu(『新唐書』), Taipingkuanyuji(『太平寬宇記』), Jirintongzhi(『吉林通志』), Cefuyaungui(『冊府元龜』). The management of waterwaysystem was closely connected with the integration of Mohe(靺鞨) and the region reign. Inconclusion, those remains formed along with waterway took a role not only as a kind ofdefense systems but also as an important management infra-structure for the vast areas anddiverse tribes.