반려동물이 아동·청소년 발달에 미치는 영향: 국외연구를 중심으로
Effect of Companion Animals on Development of Child and Adolescent: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
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이 연구는 국외의 SCI(E) 논문 데이터베이스에서 관련 문헌을 조사하였으며, 검색된 2,959개의 논문 중 내용이 선택 기준(아동·청소년의 감정적‧인지적‧ 행동적 발달에 미치는 영향; 이론과 가설이 아닌 실질적인 연구 계획과 방법이 명시된 문헌; 동물 보조 치료법, 반려동물이 미치는 인간의 건강(천식, 알러지, 각종 질환) 등의 내용은 제외; 윤리 및 도덕적 발전내용 제외; 영어로 작성된 연구논문)에 충족되는 22개 연구논문을 발췌하였다. 검색 결과 유년기동안 반려동물 양육은 자신감 배양과 외로움의 극복이라는 측면에서 확연한 긍정적인 영향을 주어 건강한 정서 함양에 전반적인 이점이 있다는 결과들이 제시되었지만, 유년기 시절의 불안과 우울을 극복하는지에 대한 명확한 실험적 결과는 없었다. 특히 여러 선행연구는 애완동물 양육이 문제해결 능력과 지능 발달에 도움을 주어 교육효과와 인지능력 발달에 충분한 영향을 주고 있음을 제시하였다. 사회성 발달측면에서 반려동물의 양육은 사회적 기능 인식, 사회적 네트워크 형성 능력, 사회적 상호작용, 사회적 행동과 연관성이 있어 아동·청소년의 사회성 발달에 영향을 미치는 것을 제시하였다. 또한 반려동물을 양육하는 아동끼리는 높은 유대감이 형성됨을 많은 연구에서 발표되었다. 반려동물을 양육하는 가정의 급증 상황에서 반려동물이 아동발달에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 초기 단계이기 때문에 많은 연구결과가 발표되지는 않았으나, 향후 심도 있고 중장기적인 연구를 위한 가치 있는 선행연구의 검색과 분석이 필요하다
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are important period of developmental that affect physical and mental health throughout life-span. Also, healthy social relationships during this period is fundamental to the development of children and adolescents. Recent studies have reported results suggesting a potential of companion animal for developing of feelings, behavior, cognition, education and social development of children and adolescents. However, this research area is still in early stages, therefore, advanced systematic researches are more need. In this study, we searched relevant SCI(E) research papers and searched 2959 research papers (which contained companion animal effect on the emotional, cognitive and behavioral development of children/ adolescents). The results indicated that pet ownership during childhood had a significant positive effect in terms of confidence and overcoming loneliness, resulting in overall benefits in fostering healthy emotions, In particular, the preceding studies suggested that companion animal ownership has a sufficient impact on educational effects and cognitive development by helping with problem-solving and intelligent development. In terms of social development, the relation with companion animals affect the social development of children/ adolescents due to their association with social function recognition, social network forming ability, social interaction and social behavior. Overall, pet ownership and the significance of children’s bonds with companion animals have been underexplored; there is a shortage of high quality and longitudinal studies in all outcomes. Prospective studies that control for a wide range of confounders are required.
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