“有”字比较句对其构式成分的选择与制约

Abstract

This paper research is based on “you/mei you” compare markers and sentence, which we call “you” comparative sentences. “you” comparative sentences generally consists of five parts: Comparative antecedent, a word “you/mei you”, comparative consequent, more value, comparing attributes. For writing convenience, we describe this kind of “you” comparative sentences as “A + you /mei you + B + X + Y” in formula. A represents Comparative antecedent, B represents more consequent, X represents more value, Y represents more properties, X + Y constitute the comparison results of the comparative sentences. This paper argues that “A + you/mei you + B + X + Y” is a construction, and analyzes the constructional meaning expressed by the structure, and then investigates the effect of the construction on the selection and constraints of other constructional elements. We find that words appearing on the position of comparative item A and B are mainly noun phrase or pronoun words, and can also bea verb phrase or subject-predicate structure. But because of the influence of many factors, comparative item A and B represent all kinds of as ymmetric phenomenon in specific language expression. “A+you/mei you+B+X+Y” mode of the comparative value is mainly composed of demonstrative pronoun, mainly having“zhe me, na me, zhe yang, na yang, zhe ban, na ban”, etc. “zhe me/na me” have two functions instructions of instructions and address in structure type. For the item of comparative attribute “Y” in the comparative sentences “you”, scholars have pointed out that the composition appeared on the Y position is mainly adjectives, can also act as by a small number of verbal words. But through the corpus, the author found that the items appeared on the Y position are adjectives, verbal phrases, nouns and nominal composition. In addition, the positive and negative forms in the comparative sentences have a big difference in the choice of comparing attribute “Y”.