Gender Effect on /l/-darkening in American English
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참고문헌
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초록
American English lateral /l/s often become dark depending on their phonological conditions (Catford, 1977, 1992). When they appear in a word final position, for instance, the lateral approximant /l/s are realized as being darker than the ones in word initial. The degree of darkness depends on various factors amongst which the regional (Ladefoged and Maddieson, 1996) and syntactic (Berḿudez-Otero, 2007) factors have been previously suggested. Sociophonetic factors of the variants that are possibly relevant to the degree of darkness, however, has been less explored. The current study is designed to examine the phonetic properties of /l/ with respect to one of sociolinguistic factors in terms of gender effects. In order to investigate the gradient and dynamic properties of laterals in male and female speech, both male and female speakers were requested to produce various types of English /l/s. Laterals were placed in the form of CV1(C)CV2L words and both male and female speakers were asked to read the words several times. The experiment result showed that female speakers’ /l/s were significantly darker than those of males, which suggests that the allophonic realization of female speakers is more likely to be close to so-called the ‘standard’ of the language group.
Abstract
American English lateral /l/s often become dark depending on their phonological conditions (Catford, 1977, 1992). When they appear in a word final position, for instance, the lateral approximant /l/s are realized as being darker than the ones in word initial. The degree of darkness depends on various factors amongst which the regional (Ladefoged and Maddieson, 1996) and syntactic (Berḿudez-Otero, 2007) factors have been previously suggested. Sociophonetic factors of the variants that are possibly relevant to the degree of darkness, however, has been less explored. The current study is designed to examine the phonetic properties of /l/ with respect to one of sociolinguistic factors in terms of gender effects. In order to investigate the gradient and dynamic properties of laterals in male and female speech, both male and female speakers were requested to produce various types of English /l/s. Laterals were placed in the form of CV1(C)CV2L words and both male and female speakers were asked to read the words several times. The experiment result showed that female speakers’ /l/s were significantly darker than those of males, which suggests that the allophonic realization of female speakers is more likely to be close to so-called the ‘standard’ of the language group.
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