认知视域下≪汉语大字典≫ “形容”类释义格式的分化与重构

Abstract

This study examines the functional differentiation mechanisms and standardization pathways of “description” (形容) -class glossing patterns in the Great Chinese Dictionary(Second Edition) using cognitive linguistics and metalinguistic theory. By combining corpus-based electronic retrieval and manual verification, 333 valid lexical entries were extracted and analyzed quantitatively and cognitively across syllabic types, part-of- speech distributions, and diachronic-synchronic dimensions. The findings reveal three primary glossing patterns: the compound pattern “xingrong……de yangzi” (1.5%), the truncated pattern “……de yangzi” (57%), and the predicative pattern “xingrong……” (41.44%). Their distribution patterns show that the truncated pattern, which solidifies static attributes through spatial schemas predominantly adapts to monosyllabic words and is historically constrained by classical lexical norms. The predicative pattern dominates dynamic depiction and cross-domain metaphor, primarily serving newly added modern terms and polysyllabic words. The compound pattern is marginalized due to structural redundancy and historical disconnection. Pattern mixing issues (e.g., conflicting glossing styles in the entry for “削”) arise from metalinguistic rule deficiencies, manifesting as static-dynamic focus confusion and tension between historical layering and synchronic productivity. To address these issues, this study proposes a “part-of-speech–semantic role–cognitive path” three –dimensional adaptation model, advocating for diachronic annotation, metaphor explicitness, and functional purification to transition glossing paradigms from experience- based to rule-driven approaches. This provides theoretical and practical pathways for standardizing Chinese lexicographical metalinguistic systems and advancing semantic computation in artificial intelligence.