New Public Values and Norms in Late Nineteenth Century Korea: Reformist Intellectuals' Visions of a Post-Confucian Society
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This paper will explore the historical context of the Korean reformist intellectuals' adoption of new public values and norms in the late 19th century Most students of Korean political thought of the time argue that the reformists' reception of the new values and norms was caused by external factors, that is, the coming of the West and the subsequent destabilization of the traditional East Asian international order. However, they have failed to find the mechanism connecting the changes in the international environment and the reformists' adoption of new values and norms. This study looks for the mechanism in the change in the reformists' way of viewing the world. The reformists supported modern values and norms, like man's innate rights, increased liberty and equality for the common people, and the rule of law, not because they are normatively right or superb, but because they understood Western wealth and power as the result of the adoption of these values and norms. That is to say, they assessed the world on the basis of empirical observations. This factual view of the world led them to construct new conceptions of human beings and government. Through the new ideas of values and norms, human beings, and government, they intended to establish a new society. This indicates that, at least in the value system of the reformists, there was a paradigm shift in that era. However, this shift was not entirely the result of Western influences at the time because sirhak scholars in Choson's Confucian tradition had already developed this perspective of the world in the 18th century. In this respect, there is continuity between the sirhak scholars and the reformists.
Abstract
This paper will explore the historical context of the Korean reformist intellectuals' adoption of new public values and norms in the late 19th century Most students of Korean political thought of the time argue that the reformists' reception of the new values and norms was caused by external factors, that is, the coming of the West and the subsequent destabilization of the traditional East Asian international order. However, they have failed to find the mechanism connecting the changes in the international environment and the reformists' adoption of new values and norms. This study looks for the mechanism in the change in the reformists' way of viewing the world. The reformists supported modern values and norms, like man's innate rights, increased liberty and equality for the common people, and the rule of law, not because they are normatively right or superb, but because they understood Western wealth and power as the result of the adoption of these values and norms. That is to say, they assessed the world on the basis of empirical observations. This factual view of the world led them to construct new conceptions of human beings and government. Through the new ideas of values and norms, human beings, and government, they intended to establish a new society. This indicates that, at least in the value system of the reformists, there was a paradigm shift in that era. However, this shift was not entirely the result of Western influences at the time because sirhak scholars in Choson's Confucian tradition had already developed this perspective of the world in the 18th century. In this respect, there is continuity between the sirhak scholars and the reformists.
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