역사적 집단 광기 현상의 실체와 여성사적 재조명一 중세 말 근대 초기 유럽사회의 마녀사냥을 중심으로 -
The History of Collective Madness and Gender Politics - A Study on the Witch-Hunting between the late Middle Ages and early Modern Europe -
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The primary purpose of this study is to examine the history ofwitchcraft and witch-hunting between the late middle ages and earlymodem Europe. It is particularly focusing on the relationshipsbetween the gender and witch-hunting. Between the late 14th and the early 17th century more than one hundred thousand people, mostof them women, were tried for the crime of witchcraft. They wereprosecuted by secular and ecclesiastical courts in different parts ofEurope. The geographical and chronological distribution of witchhunting cases throughout Europe was extremely uneven. There wasnot one but many causes underlying the strange and terrible phenomenonof the witch hunts. There was, however, a strong correlationbetween belief in witchcraft and religious belief. The rise of hereticalmovements had influence on the witchcraft. At the beginning of thewitch hunting the accused were clergymen or other influential people. Accusations, however, had spread more widely to the populace. The witch hunting was an extremely complicated and diversehistorical event. It reflected both elite and popular ideas aboutwitchcraft. It also had both religious and social dimensions. Theprosecution of women as witches occurred in a society in which menexercised substantial authority over women. The vulnerability ofwomen also stemmed in part attitudes about women's sexuality andtheir role as mothers. Whatever the relevant factors, the response ofEuropeans in general, was to assume that women were peculiarlydrawn to witchcraft and the devil. The history of the witch huntingprovides the ideas about women, with fears about women and withthe place of women in European society then.
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study is to examine the history ofwitchcraft and witch-hunting between the late middle ages and earlymodem Europe. It is particularly focusing on the relationshipsbetween the gender and witch-hunting. Between the late 14th and the early 17th century more than one hundred thousand people, mostof them women, were tried for the crime of witchcraft. They wereprosecuted by secular and ecclesiastical courts in different parts ofEurope. The geographical and chronological distribution of witchhunting cases throughout Europe was extremely uneven. There wasnot one but many causes underlying the strange and terrible phenomenonof the witch hunts. There was, however, a strong correlationbetween belief in witchcraft and religious belief. The rise of hereticalmovements had influence on the witchcraft. At the beginning of thewitch hunting the accused were clergymen or other influential people. Accusations, however, had spread more widely to the populace. The witch hunting was an extremely complicated and diversehistorical event. It reflected both elite and popular ideas aboutwitchcraft. It also had both religious and social dimensions. Theprosecution of women as witches occurred in a society in which menexercised substantial authority over women. The vulnerability ofwomen also stemmed in part attitudes about women's sexuality andtheir role as mothers. Whatever the relevant factors, the response ofEuropeans in general, was to assume that women were peculiarlydrawn to witchcraft and the devil. The history of the witch huntingprovides the ideas about women, with fears about women and withthe place of women in European society then.