택배 물동량 빅데이터를 활용한 도심 공동택배터미널 최적 용량 및 입지 선정 연구
A Study on Optimal Capacity and Location Selection for Urban Joint Courier Terminals Using Big Data on Parcel Volume
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초록
본 연구는 커버링 문제 중 시설 용량 한계가 있는 CLSCP-SO(Capacitated Location Set Covering problem - System Optimal)모델을 사용하여 도심 유휴부지와의 연계성을 기준으로 서울시내 공동택배터미널의 최적 입지와 용량을 선정하였다. 연계성 평가의 기준으로 유클리디안 거리(Euclidean distance)를 사용하였고 해당 값이 가장 작게 나타나는 경우를 최적으로 판단했다. 그 결과 서울시의 모든 행정구역에서 발생하는 하루 평균 수요량의 50%를 처리할 수 있는 용량과 함께 3개의 입지가 최적의 경우로 선정되었다. 이에 더 나아가 K-means 군집분석을 통해 서울시 생활인구를 ‘여가 중심’, ‘거주 중심’, ‘업무 중심’, ‘거주·여가 복합’ 네가지 유형으로 분류하여 선정된 세 입지가 소비자 생활 패턴의 다양성을 균형 있게 포함하는지를 평가하였다. 선정된 세 입지별 커버리지 내에 존재하는 네 가지 유형 간 최소, 최댓값 차이를 평가 기준으로 확인하였다. 그 결과 어느 한 입지에만 해당 유형들이 치우치지 않아 그 다양성을 균형있게 포함하고 있음을 나타내었다. 이는 향후 공동택배터미널 운영 시 빠르게 변화하는 미래 수요에 적절히 대응하는 데 유용한 시사점을 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
This study selected the optimal location and capacity of a Urban Joint Courier Terminals in Seoul based on the connectivity with idle land in the city center using the CLSCP-SO (Capacitated Location Set Covering Problem - System Optimal) model, which has facility capacity limitations among covering problems. The Euclidean distance was used as the criterion for evaluating connectivity, and the case with the smallest value was judged as optimal. As a result, three locations were selected as optimal cases with the capacity to handle 50% of the average daily demand occurring in all administrative districts of Seoul. Furthermore, through K-means cluster analysis, the Seoul population was classified into four types: ‘leisure-centered’, ‘residential-centered’, ‘work-centered’, and ‘residential-leisure complex’, and whether the three selected locations balancedly included the diversity of consumer life patterns. The maximum and minimum value differences between the four types existing within the coverage of each of the three selected locations were confirmed as the evaluation criteria. As a result, it was shown that the types were not concentrated in any one location, and thus the diversity was balanced. This will provide useful implications for responding appropriately to rapidly changing future demands when operating Urban Joint Courier Terminals in the future.
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