지하 물류 시스템을 활용한 다중 거점 기반 차량 경로 문제 최적화 연구
Optimization of Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem Utilizing Underground Logistics Systems
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초록
국내 택배 시장은 전자상거래의 활성화로 인해 2023년에 50억 건 이상의 물량을 처리하며 꾸준히 성장하고 있다. 특히 서울 도심과 같은 대도시 지역에서는 택배 차량의 증가로 인해 교통 혼잡, 도로 손상, 환경 오염 등의 사회적 비용 뿐만 아니라 물류 이동비용 역시 매우 크게 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 기존 도시 철도 인프라를 활용한 지하 물류 시스템(Underground Logistics System, ULS)을 제안하고, 이를 통해 고객 수에 따른 차량 경로 문제(Vehicle Routing Problems, VRP)의 최적화 결과를 분석하였다. 연구는 서울 지하철 3호선의 지축, 을지로3가, 학여울역을 물류 거점으로 삼아 진행되었으며, ULS를 활용할 경우 총 운송 비용에서 평균 6%의 절감 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 ULS가 도시 물류의 효율성을 높이고, 교통 혼잡과 환경 부담을 줄이는 데 기여할 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다.
Abstract
The domestic parcel delivery market in South Korea has grown steadily, processing over 5 billion parcels in 2023, largely driven by e-commerce. In metropolitan areas like central Seoul, the surge in freight vehicles has not only exacerbated the social costs of traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and road damage but also significantly driven up logistics expenses. In response, this paper proposes utilization of Underground Logistics System (ULS) that leverages existing subway infrastructure. We explored the impact of the ULS on optimizing vehicle routing problems (VRP) across different customer sizes. The study was conducted using three logistics hubs along Seoul's Subway Line 3: Jichuk, Euljiro-3ga, and Hakyeoul stations. The results showed that integrating ULS into urban logistics can reduce operational costs, with an average reduction of 6% in total transportation cost. This highlights ULS's potential as a solution to improve urban logistics efficiency while minimizing environmental impact.
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