‘과도기적(過渡期的) 나실인’ 삼손 - 사사기 13장을 중심으로 -
Transitional Nazirite, Samson : Focused on Judges 13
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본 연구는 사사기 13장에 나오는 삼손의 탄생 예언 내용을 중심으로 삼손의 나실인 신분에 대한 분석적 연구이다. P문서에 속하는 민수기 6:1-21의 나실인 규정은 포로기말이나 포로기후 때의 것임으로 이보다 이른 사사기의 삼손 이야기에 나오는 나실인 신분의 기준이 될 수 없다는 것을 본 연구를 통해서 알 수 있다. 초기의 나실인 규정을 보여준다고 생각되는 아모스 2:11-12의 내용에서 나실인은 하나님의 선택을 받아서 되며, 평생 동안 나실인 직분을 유지하고, 포도주를 먹지 않아야 하는 의무가 있는 특별한 존재들이었다. 이런 초기의 나실인 규정에 따르면, 삼손의 나실인 신분은 이에 매우 부합한다. 본 연구의 결과, 삼손은 후대에 첨가된 민수기 6:1-21의 나실인 규정과는 다르게, 아모스 2장에 나타난 초기 나실인 규정이 알려주는 대로 1) 하나님의 선택을 받아서 2) 평생 나실인 직분을 유지하고 3) 포도주/독주 금지 규정을 지켜야 하는 나실인임을 알 수 있다. 삼손은 이 초기 나실인 규정을 따르되, 삭도금지 규정이 첨가된 나실인으로 보아야 할 것이다. 후기에 형성된 민수기 규정과 삼손을 비교하는 것은 시대착오적이며, 마치 삼손은 삭도금지 규정 한 가지만 지킬 의무가 있는 예외적인 나실인으로 보이지만, 사실은 나실인에 대한 초기 전승과 포로기 때 유래한 후기의 나실인 규정 사이에 있는, 즉 초기에서 후기로 넘어가는 ‘과도기적 나실인’이었음을 보여준다.
Abstract
This study is to identify Samson’s naziriteship in Judges 13 by comparing with the Nazirite code in Numbers 6 and the text in Amos 2:11-12. Most scholars have tried to compare Samson’s nazirite responsibilities and the Nazirite code in Number 6:1-21 and concluded that Samson is a very exceptional nazirite. The reason for their conclusion is that Samson became a nazirite from his mother’s womb and also continued to be the one in his whole life. The Nazirite code in Numbers 6:1-21 clearly says that a person becomes a nazirite by making a vow and he/she would be the one for a limited period only. The code in Numbers 6:1-21, however, was believed to be P source and come from the time of the late exilic or postexilic period. This late nazirite code cannot be compared with the one in Samson’s annunciation story because it would be anachronistic. Therefore, Samson is not a ‘exceptional’ nazirite but the transitional one who is very different from the nazirite according to the late nazirite code. Often the passage in Amos 2:11-12 has been quoted in the previous studies because the word ‘nazirite’ is mentioned. Especially it shows that the nazirites were chosen by YHWH and they should not drink wine. Because that passage came from the time of 760-730 BCE, the so-called the old school of Amos, it reveals the old nazirite code which is very different from the late code in Numbers in terms of a naziriteship chosen by God and its lifetime duration. Also it is very similar to Samson’s naziriteship in his annunciation story because he is chosen by God and keeps his naziriteship for life. Although the passage in Amos 2 does not say anything about the prohibition of haircut, probably the author of Judges inserts the prohibition of haircut because Samson’s lifelong naziriteship is necessarily connected with his loss of relationship with God and of his power. Therefore, Samson is not a exceptional nazirite but ‘transitional’ nazirite between the plausible early code revealed in Amos 2 and the late code in Numbers 6.
참고문헌 (24)
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