雜科合格者의 他科 進出 사례 분석− 조선후기의 사회변동과 관련해서

Abstract

In the late Choson period, 50 successful candidates of Chapkwa out of 6,115 could pass Takwa(Another Examination)[18 scholars from the field of Translation, 25 from Medical Science, 2 from Astronomy, and 5 from Law]. Collected from the database, Chapkwa Bangmok(雜科榜目), these numbers are most likely higher; considering that record keeping was unkempt until the middle of the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Taking this fact into account, the number of people who could pass Takwa was still very low. It demonstrates the difficulty of mobility from Chapkwa to Takwa. Moreover, members of the Chapkwa who passed Takwa could only do so in two subjects: Military Examination(武科) and Accounting College(算學). On record, there were 24 Takwa degree-holders in the former(comprised of 11 Translation students, 6 Medical Science students, 2 Astronomy students and 5 Law students) and 26 in the latter (comprised of 7 Translation students and 19 Medical Science students). There was a case that students from all four sectors of Chapkwa were promoted to the Takwa in the field of Military Examination. Records reveal that people often worked technical posts after passing Chapkwa before applying to take the Military Examination to have a higher social assessment. Despite the general expectation of more flexible mobility within the hierarchy, Chapkwa-Chungin rather consolidated their status and strengthened union power. I’d like to call this kind of phenomenon “immobility in social mobility.”This phenomenon became more apparent in the late Choseon period, even with the overall dissolution of the social class. In fact, the Chapkwa-Chungin came to represent an independent social order. It was true when considering the children of holders of technical posts who did not have to pass Chapkwa before applying to Takwa.