‘객관적 폭력’의 비가시성과 폐제되는 식모들의 목소리 - 조선작과 최일남의 소설을 중심으로

Abstract

In 1960 ~ 1970, Seoul was the only hope to girls who came up to Seoul without anything else for escaping poverty. Maid was most easy way to settle down without skill and education, but by discourse on modernization and male violence, their life going through conductress and factory girl fell to prostitute. So, for this point most of earlier studies give an eye to male’s sexual violence. However, this dissertation want to pay attention to the aspect that modernization’s diverse mechanism exclude the female subordinate like maid or other female workers in society. Especially, difference of this paper is that state violence like war and discourse on homeland’s modernization are in the hidden side of the male’s sexual violence. In Joe seon-jak’s ‘young-ja's best days’, ‘Ji-sa-chong’, male and female’s sexual trade -subordinate subjects in modern times- is just trade on money and sex. In this exchange, their other emotional communications are severely restricted. Love between subordinate in modern city are finished as story of failure by state violence. Female subordinate subject’s settlement is delayed and males guilty cannot be solved. So, Joe seon-jak’s novel must be estimated in this point. Also, maids were outsiders in modern discourse on family and female. Abolitionism of maid was derived from discourse on modernization. In this process, maids could not speak their own voice. They were just reproduced by others. Literature gave them a voice, but it is substitute by author who criticize the discourse on family or voice that have discourse on modernization, not their own. Eventually, maids still could not speak their own story by their own voice and they were excluded because of others who reproduce maid’s story. This dissertation ask that how novel contains the subordinate subject’s voice through Choe il-nam’s ‘The Four Seasons of Chun-ja’, ‘Too big a tree’. Maids was a double victim to exploitation that coincidentally was included and excluded in discourse on modernization, and they were witness and sacrifice of life politics in one that their whole life was object of governance in 1970.