익산의 농업기반과 문화정체성

Abstract

How can we establish the Iksan studies? This paper is a discourse to suggest to set up this task and establish the cultural foundation and identity. Iksan is located on the place where the mountainous area that take up 70% of the whole land of the country is connected to the plain regions. Accordingly, the production of rice farming in the plain area made this region develop into a strategic points in economy, politics, military, and culture from ancient times. Early, all were established in this area such as the establishment of the Geonma Kingdom of Mahan according to the policy of coming down to the south by King Jun of Gija Joseon, movement of the capital of King Mu in the later period of Baekje, and the Bodeok Kingdom by Anseung who was a drifting people after the collapse of Goguryeo Dynasty. As well as the construction of the Hwangdeung Embankment and Lake crossing over the Jeolla Province (honam) and the Chungcheong Province (hoseo), the Great Battle of Jinpo that people repelled the Japanese raiders (waegu) at the later period of Goryeo Dynasty (1380) when Iksan got the name of Ikju, was an incident that happened in connection with the extortion of rice from the Deokseong Storage in Ung’po of this region. In Iksan that had been the agriculture-based, the urbanization was promoted in relation with the railway construction like the Honam line in 1912 and the Jeolla line in 1914 during the period of Japanese ruling. While the construction to make the Man’gyeong River straight was done from 1925 to 1937, and the Gyeongcheon Reservoir was completed from 1932 to 1935, the Hwangdeung Embankment and Lake was filled in. Iksan city was in the system of Iksan-Gun, and Iri-Bu in 1947, and Iksan city was established where city and agriculture were combined in 1995. However, it became a city without water though it exists between the Geum River and Man’gyeong River. As the Mahan and Baeckje Cultural Research Center of Wonkwang University started the excavation of the old site of Mireuk Temple in 1974, and the historical recovery was promoted, this region proved to be a cultural area of ancient times. As the result, it was designated as an old capital along with Gyeongju, Gongju and Buyeo in 2010, and the historical district of Baekje was listed as the World Heritage by the UNESCO in 2015. However, Iksan, located between the Geum River, and the Man’gyeong River, became a city without water, and it’s historical remains like the Great Battle of Jinpo has been distorted by the projects that pagodas and steles were built up in neighboring regions rather than the historical investigation or development project were done. Accordingly, the work is suggested as a priority task in the Iksan studies to set up a right history of Iksan while establishing the features as the agriculture-based city like the food cluster.