만주 동아기독교의 항일운동에 관한 재평가 - 1932년 종성동교회 순교사건을 중심으로

Abstract

Dong-A Christianity (Baptist) started the Manchurian mission in 1906 by sending Han Tae-young and four others to North Gando. Since then, it has continued to grow, and according to the 1940 church status, it has grown into about 100 churches in six districts, mainly in North Gando, not West Gando. In particular, Yongjeong in North Gando played a major role as the center of the anti-Japanese movement. The next two years will mark the 120th anniversary of the Dong-A Christian Manchurian mission, and the researcher thinks the time has come to reevaluate the awareness and participation of Manchurian Dong-A Christianity in the anti-Japanese move ment, centering on Jongseong-dong Church. Because so far, historian Hurgin has claimed, “There is no trace of mention of the perception or understanding of this historical meaning [anti-Japanese fighting spirit] of the Yanbian[Gandon] region among the data obtained so far or Fenwick’s own writings.” This view has been accepted as orthodoxy. However, according to 『Wonsan Current Affairs』 published by the Wonsan Current History Compilation Committee, Mal colm C. Fenwick, the founder of Dong-A Christianity, intro duces that “the idea of patriotism in Japan along with mis sionary work” was spread as far as Manchuria. The researcher agrees with the claim of 『Wonsan Current Affairs』. This is be cause the Jongseong-dong Church was already branded as the Bulyeongdan(anti-Japanese organization) by the Japanese in 1920, when they were consolidating their invasion of Machuria, and was under surveillance by the Japanese for a long time. Afterwards, because Pastor Kim and his brother were the rep resentatives of the Bulyeongdan Jongseong-dong Church, as soon as the Japanese established Machukou and took control on March 1, 1932, they had the Japanese Self-Defense Forc es brutally murder them on October 14, 1932. Pastor Kim’s brothers’ martyrdom was not a simple murder case, but was part of the lager context of the Haeran River Massacre, in which the Japanese brutally subdued anti-Japanese activists in the Haeran-gu area from October 1931 to February 1933, resulting in the massacre of 1,700 people. Therefore, the theory of the murder of the Communist Party, which has been introduced as orthodox so far, must be revised. The reason is that the united front of the Chi nese Communist Party changes with the times. In the case of the Chinese Communist Party, which lost Manchuria in the Manchurian incident in 1931, the religious policy of the Com munist Party in the 1930s was to develop a united front that temporarily united with churches, which were a minor con tradiction, in order to resolve the main contradiction of an ti-Japanese resistance. This fact can be confirmed in Wang Zuoan’s book, “Religious Issues and Religious Policies in Chi na,”where he states that during the anti-Japanese period, the Chinese Communist Party joined forces with religious lead ers and “joined the anti-Japanese national united front as an important force, and fought together to repel the invasion of Japanese imperialism.” Therefore, it can be confirmed that the perpetrator of the Jongseong-dong Church martyrdom inci dent in 1932 was not the Chinese Communist Party, but the Japanese Self-Defence Forces. The purpose of this paper is to reveal that the martyrdom of Pastor Kim and his brother was killed by the Self-Defence Forces, not the Communists Party. The researcher hopes that this paper will be a turning point for gaining a new perspective on the anti-Japanese movement of Dong-A Christianity in Machuria and an opportunity to ex pand the correcting of history.