The Oil Curse in Algeria: A Theoretical Analysis Based on Ross’s Framework
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This paper examines Algeria’s economy of oil dependence through the lens of Michael Ross’s resource curse framework. Since independence in 1962, Algeria has relied on hydrocarbon exports, resulting in a rentier state structure marked by fiscal volatility, limited accountability, and underdeveloped non-oil sectors. Ross’s four characteristics of oil revenues—scale, source, stability, and secrecy—offer a theoretical foundation for analyzing Algeria’s repeated boom- bust cycles and governance weaknesses. Using a historical-institutional approach, the paper traces Algeria’s development phases: state-led industrialization, post- bust liberalization, rentier resurgence during the 2000s oil boom, and recent reform efforts amid economic and political turbulence. The analysis highlights structural constraints that have hindered diversification and increased vulnerability to external shocks. The paper concludes by proposing policy reforms focused on fiscal restructuring, improved governance of Sonatrach, and targeted investment in productive sectors. These steps are essential for Algeria to escape the resource curse and build a more resilient economy.
Abstract
This paper examines Algeria’s economy of oil dependence through the lens of Michael Ross’s resource curse framework. Since independence in 1962, Algeria has relied on hydrocarbon exports, resulting in a rentier state structure marked by fiscal volatility, limited accountability, and underdeveloped non-oil sectors. Ross’s four characteristics of oil revenues—scale, source, stability, and secrecy—offer a theoretical foundation for analyzing Algeria’s repeated boom- bust cycles and governance weaknesses. Using a historical-institutional approach, the paper traces Algeria’s development phases: state-led industrialization, post- bust liberalization, rentier resurgence during the 2000s oil boom, and recent reform efforts amid economic and political turbulence. The analysis highlights structural constraints that have hindered diversification and increased vulnerability to external shocks. The paper concludes by proposing policy reforms focused on fiscal restructuring, improved governance of Sonatrach, and targeted investment in productive sectors. These steps are essential for Algeria to escape the resource curse and build a more resilient economy.